[HEA] _____________________ ___ _ |___ ______________| | | | | | | _ | | | | | || | | | | | | || | | | | | | || | | | ____ _ _ _ _ ______ | | | || | | | / __ \ | | / \_/ \ | ___ \ | | | || |__ ____ | | / / \ | | /\ /\ \ | | \ \ | | | || _ \ | _ \ | | \ \__/ | | | |_|| | | |__/ / | | | || | | || |_|| | | \___/|_| |_| |_| | ____/ |_| | || | | || |__ | |____________________ | | _ |__||_| |_|\____/ |________________________| | | |_| | | Lighting Your Apple II Path | | |_| ----------------------------------- >>> WELCOME TO THE LAMP! <<< ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE BEST OF THE A2 BULLETIN BOARD ON Syndicomm Online AND THE BEST OF THE DELPHI A2 AND A2PRO MESSAGE BOARDS "Teaching the Apple II user how to fish since 1998" :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: The Lamp! An Onipa'a Software Production Vol. 7, No. 4 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Publisher................................Ryan M. Suenaga, M.S.W., L.S.W. Editor.....................................................Lyle Syverson Internet Email, Publisher.........................thelamp@sheppyware.net Internet Email, Editor................................lyle@FoxValley.net :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TABLE OF CONTENTS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ April 15, 2004 HIGH ABOVE THE ROCK RIVER---------------------------------------------[OPN] Lively Discussions In the Future for the Apple II's A2 FORUM AT Syndicomm Online (A2Central.com) DISTILLATIONS------------[DAS] What Would You Call a New Apple II Print Publication?------------[NAP] Morgan Davis Chat Very Successful--------------------------------[MDS] Morgan Davis Chat Transcript in A2 Library-----------------------[MDC] About the Acronym "URL"------------------------------------------[URL] About the Acronym "DVD"------------------------------------------[DVD] The Game "Archon"------------------------------------------------[TGA] Port These Game Engines to the IIgs?-----------------------------[PGE] Online Guides for Classic Apple Games----------------------------[OGA] Monitors With the Apple II's-------------------------------------[MA2] ifconfig Available-----------------------------------------------[ICA] Juiced.GS - The Movie :) ----------------------------------------[JTM] Pre-KansasFest Issue of Juiced.GS in Production------------------[PKJ] Individual Issues of Softdisk G-S Now Available------------------[SDG] The KEGS Emulator------------------------------------------------[TKE] FEATURED THIS MONTH---------------------------------------------------[FTM] The Computer as an Object of Learning: Time for Something New By Greg Hedger ILLUMINATING THE LAMP-------------------------------------------------[ITL] An overview of GEnieLamp A2 and The Lamp! This series will continue next month ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM SYNDICOMM------------------------------------------[ANS] To Sign up for Syndicomm Online----------------------------------[TSU] Announcement System Updated--------------------------------------[ASU] Syndicommotion for April 2004 released---------------------------[SAR] LETTERS TO THE EDITOR-------------------------------------------------[LTE] No Letters to the Editor This Month An Invitation KFEST 2004------------------------------------------------------------[KFF] KansasFest 2004--------------------------------------------------[KF4] Registration is Now Open for KFest 2004--------------------------[KFR] EXTRA INNINGS About The Lamp! ------------------------------------------------ [INN] [*] [*] [*] READING THE LAMP! The index system used by The Lamp! is designed to make """"""""""""""""" your reading easier. To use this system, load this issue into any word processor or text editor. In the index you will find something like: EXTRA INNINGS About The Lamp! ------------------------------------------------ [INN] To read this article, simply use your search or find command to locate [INN]. There is a similar tag at the end of each article: [EOA]. [OPN]------------------------------- HIGH ABOVE THE ROCK RIVER | ------------------------------------ From The Editor """"""""""""""" by Lyle Syverson Lively Discussions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ High Above The Rock River, the Community Room serves as a setting for many meetings, both formal and informal. When two or more people get together there will be conversation... sometimes this leads to a lively discussion. Once in awhile someone will change or modify their opinion. More often, all of the participants will maintain their opinions. Yet, there is a feeling of satisfaction at having been a part of the discussion. Would you like to have a chance to express your opinion on some aspect of the past, present, or future of the Apple II computers? Send a Letter To The Editor of _The Lamp!_ See the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR section for details. Would you like to have the chance to enter into Lively Discussions face to face with other Apple II enthusiasts? See the KFest section of this issue to learn how you can arrange to attend KFest this year. In the Future for the Apple II's ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In this issue we feature an article by Greg Hedger. He lives in St. Louis. He developed Adventure Alive, Artillery King, and is working on AA2. He tells us where he has been with the Apple II's and what he would like to see in the future for the Apple II's. [EOA] ASCII ART BEGINS _________ _ _ _ |__ __| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |___ ____ | | _____ __ ___ _ _ _____ | | | | | ___ \ / __ \ | | /____ \ | v v | | v ___ \ | | | | | | | | | /__\ \ | | ____| | | /\ /\ | | / \ \ | | | | | | | | | _____| | | / ___ | | || || | | | | | |_| | | | | | | | |_____ | |____ | |__| | | || || | | \___/ / _ |_| |_| |_| \______| |______| \____^_| |_||_||_| | |\____/ |_| | | | | |_| ASCII ART ENDS [EOA] [DAS]---------------------------------------------- DISTILLATIONS FROM The A2 FORUM at Syndicomm.com | (A2Central.com) | --------------------------------------------------- by Lyle Syverson [NAP] WHAT WOULD YOU CALL A NEW Apple II PRINT PUBLICATION? """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" If you were starting a new Apple II print publication, what would you call it? (No use of the word "Apple" in the name, please) Ryan Chief Sysop (A2.RYAN, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 479) >>>>> """"" An 8-bit, 16-bit or both type of publication? Mark Percival - Apprentice Delivered by Spectrum v2.5.3 & SOAR v1.0b11 The Apple ][ Fanatic and Wednesday Night RTC Host "Midweek Madness!" from 7:00 PM to 9:00 PM Pacific Time (MARK, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 480) >>>>> """"" Both 8-bit and 16-bit. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 481) >>>>> """"" How about "Return to Eden" (MARGARET, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 483) >>>>> """"" How about "Retro II"? Kim (KIMHOWE, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 484) >>>>> """"" Hmmm, how about: II the Future Back II the Future Harvest II Andy (AWMOLLOY, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 486) [EOA] [MDS] Morgan Davis CHAT VERY SUCCESSFUL """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" I wanted to thank Carl and Sheppy and the rest of the Chat crew for making the Morgan Davis Chat so successful. I'm heartbroken that I was unable to make it. Warning: Don't say "We're having problems with our upstream provider" in my presence and you won't feel my fingers around your throat. B-{) We have a transcript though, and while it's not the same as being there, it makes for very interesting reading. Editing looks to be minimal, so it should be in our libraries soon. I'm still trying to contact future guests with mixed results, but if you have an Apple II celebrity you'd like to meet online, please feel free to make suggestions. Contact information is handy if you have it. B-{) Once again, thanks and see you in Chat! Kirk A2Central.com RTC Manager (A2.KIRK, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 489) [EOA] [MDC] Morgan Davis CHAT TRANSCRIPT IN A2 LIBRARY """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" We have a new upload in the a2central.com_archives/Chat_Transcripts directory: File: MorganDavis.03272004.txt Size: 36037 Date: Apr 03 Enjoy an evening with Morgan Davis, programmer of such wonders as ProLine BBS and MD-Basic. One of Apple II's pioneers, Morgan introduced many Apple II users to the Internet and Usenet through his BBS network and proves to be an extraordinary chat! Uploaded by Kirk Mitchell. Tony Ward, A2 Librarian (A2.TONY, Cat 2, Top 37, Msg 28) [EOA] [URL] ABOUT THE ACRONYM "URL" """"""""""""""""""""""" I always thought URL was an acronym for Universal Resource Locator. Today I read that the 'U' stands for Uniform. Have I been horribly misguided all these years? -Ken (KGAGNE, Cat 11, Top 11, Msg 73) >>>>> """"" Ken, I punched URL into OmniDictionary on the Powerbook and got the following... From WordNet (r) 2.0: URL n : the address of a web page on the world wide web [syn: uniform resource locator, universal resource locator] From Jargon File (4.3.0, 30 APR 2001): URL /U-R-L/ or /erl/ n. Uniform Resource Locator, an address widget that identifies a document or resource on the World Wide Web. This entry is here primarily to record the fact that the term is commonly pronounced both /erl/, and /U-R-L/ (the latter predominates in more formal contexts). From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03): URL Uniform Resource Locator From Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (Version 1.9, June 2002): URL Uniform Resource Locator (WWW, RFC 1738) It looks like there were more votes for "Uniform", but it seems more than just you thought it was Universal. Dain With Help from OmniDictionary (A2.DAIN, Cat 11, Top 11, Msg 74) >>>>> """"" It is officially Uniform Resource Locator; this is the first time I've heard anyone call it anything else. :) Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 11, Top 11, Msg 75) >>>>> """"" I have alternatingly called them Uniform and Universal. I think I once did research for an article and found that it's supposed to be Uniform. Ryan Chief Sysop (A2.RYAN, Cat 11, Top 11, Msg 76) >>>>> """"" So essentially, URL is anything but uniform. (KGAGNE, Cat 11, Top 11, Msg 77) [EOA] [DVD] ABOUT THE ACRONYM "DVD" """"""""""""""""""""""" It's like the DVD acronym. It started out as Digital Versatile Disc, but has come to be more widely known as Digital Video Disc because that's what it's mostly used for. Tony Ward (A2.TONY, Cat 11, Top 11, Msg 78) >>>>> """"" I thought it was originally Digital Video Disc, and some people tried to change it to Digital Versatile Disc, but it didn't stick. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 11, Top 11, Msg 79) >>>>> """"" Do a Google search on "what does DVD stand for" and you'll find that every reference says Digital Versatile Disc. It makes since, since the DVD format is not limited to video storage. Tony Ward (A2.TONY, Cat 11, Top 11, Msg 80) [EOA] [TGA] THE GAME "ARCHON" """"""""""""""""" Can anyone confirm for me that the old Apple game Archon, by Electronic Arts, supposed modem play? What about the Amiga or Commodore 64 versions? Thanks, -Ken (KGAGNE, Cat 14, Top 1, Msg 104) >>>>> """"" Ken, I just pulled "Archon" off the shelf and booted it up, to check for you. There is NO modem option. The instructions also include boot up info for Atari, Amiga, C64, IBM, and Mac. None of them seem to support modems. Considering that the copyright date is 1983 and 1984, that is not too surprising. Just for yucks, I also booted up "Archon II: Adept". Also no modem. The copyright date is 1985. MT Steve (S.BERNBAUM, Cat 14, Top 1, Msg 105) >>>>> """"" I'm pretty sure neither had a modem option; I certainly don't remember them having such a thing. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 14, Top 1, Msg 106) [EOA] [PGE] PORT THESE GAME ENGINES TO THE IIgs? """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" I ran across additional game engines for software that was never available for the IIgs: Nuvie - Ultima VI Engine. http://nuvie.sourceforge.net/ SCUMMVM - Script Creation Utility for Maniac Mansion Virtum Machine. http://www.scummvm.org/ . For those who are unfamiliar with SCUMM, it was used by many LucasArts games. Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 14, Top 2, Msg 72) >>>>> """"" Porting some of these engines would be very cool. The trick is whether the engines can be rigged to cope with the lower screen resolution of the IIgs. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 14, Top 2, Msg 73) >>>>> """"" One solution would be to use a Second Sight display. The SDL (Simple DirectMedia Layer) Library could get ported to handle a cross platform API. An Apple IIgs version of the SDL could also be modified to pretend that a higher resolution (and color bit depth) exists and it could downgrade graphics/colors for native GS resolutions. Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 14, Top 2, Msg 74) >>>>> """"" Downgrading graphics on the fly would be computationally expensive and would render just about any game unplayable, I would think. You'd pretty much have to do it ahead of time, which then means substantial changes to the game engine's rendering code. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 14, Top 2, Msg 75) >>>>> """"" Requiring hyper accelerated speeds such as what is provided by emulators would make the on-the-fly downgrading a moot point. Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 14, Top 2, Msg 76) >>>>> """"" Requiring an emulator seems like cheating to me. :) Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 14, Top 2, Msg 77) >>>>> """"" I hate to say it, but the number of people with an SS card is quite limited. If a game is only playable on an emulator, you'd be better off just playing ScummVM on your real computer with the correct graphics. ScummVM already works for MacOS, Windows, XWindows, etc. If there are any good tile-based games, it might be better to port them to use the GTE engine. That looks pretty interesting to me. Kelvin (KWS, Cat 14, Top 2, Msg 78) >>>>> """"" Agreed. There's not much point to developing something that requires an emulator or Second Sight to play. Not only is the Second Sight pretty uncommon, but it's not very good, either. Still, there are probably some open source type games that could be ported and made to work reasonably well. I, for one, would love an Apple II version of the old "Empire" conquest game. Even one that runs on the text screen the way they did in the old days. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 14, Top 2, Msg 79) [EOA] [OGA] ONLINE GUIDES FOR CLASSIC Apple GAMES """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Online guides for a plethora of classic Apple games are provided by enthusiast and writer Andrew Schultz. His full catalogs is here: http://www.gamefaqs.com/features/recognition/3574.html (KGAGNE, Cat 14, Top 4, Msg 8) [EOA] [MA2] MONITORS WITH THE Apple II's """""""""""""""""""""""""""" Since I have 3 Apples, 1 Amiga, and 1 X86 comp I want them to all work on 1 monitor. I have thought this out. my computers outputs are: //E Composite //C+ Composite //GS RGB Amiga 4000T RGB X86 VGA So first I need: Composite Switch VGA Switch Then I need to convert the signals to VGA: Composite to VGA + scandoubler? RGB to VGA + scandoubler Amiga Video card W/Scandoubler Also cables so I can connect this mess. I can get the amiga card a CybergraphiX 64/3d for about $200 Now Composite to VGA... this seems like it would work: http://www.spyhiddencamera.com/products/30/vga801c.htm $185.95 CND RGB to VGA seems more difficult... I think this might work... (I would just need to make my own adapter)... http://www.ihse.de/english/238-1f.htm Does anybody have a IIgs video port pinouts? (TECHNERD, Cat 17, Top 17, Msg 12) >>>>> """"" OK I found the pinout for the apple III & IIgs: pin 1 Gnd Red pin 2 Red pin 5 Green pin 6 Groun Green Pin 9 Blue pin 13 Ground Blue Now making that cable would be fun!! :-) (TECHNERD, Cat 17, Top 17, Msg 13) >>>>> """"" Now the VGA switcher is easy. All I need is a 3:1 or 4:1 vga switcher... something like this: http://www.knoxvideo.com/Products/kv_Pres_VGA.asp#enhanced (TECHNERD, Cat 17, Top 17, Msg 14) >>>>> """"" I have yet to find a cheap scan doubling solution that appears to work well. It's unfortunate, because if there was one, I'd probably buy two or three. Ryan (A2.RYAN, Cat 17, Top 17, Msg 15) >>>>> """"" Most of the ones I have seen have been $600 to $1000 dollars.... way too much!! But only if I could find one in a kit form! (TECHNERD, Cat 17, Top 17, Msg 16) >>>>> """"" I really would like to have a scan doubler that works well and isn't absurdly expensive. My last working GS monitor is starting to go now. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 17, Top 17, Msg 17) >>>>> """"" >> I think this might work... http://www.ihse.de/english/238-1f.htm << The description for says it does not convert any synchronization signal. This means that the VGA monitor must support a horizontal sync rate of 15.75 kHz (which modern ones do not). You would still need something like a scan doubler in addition. A solution that is guaranteed to work is to use a Second Sight video card on the IIgs. Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 17, Top 17, Msg 18) >>>>> """"" http://www.lik-sang.com/info.php?category=243&products_id=3166& This link looks promising but what is Component? I have heard of YUV, RGB, Composite, & S-Video. The other way to output the IIGS video is to buy a Multisync monitor that can accept a 15khz sync signal ie a NEC Multisync 3d monitor would but these monitors are getting hard to find. This might work as well with a little creative rewiring to makeup for pin differences and socket sizes. These look good also: http://www.ncsx.com/ncs1201/xrgb-1.htm of course at 200 bucks a pop it is a little steep (Price found on Froogle) http://www.amigastuff.co.uk/partnumber.asp?Code=scandub1&Page=type1 (TECHNERD, Cat 17, Top 17, Msg 19) [EOA] [ICA] ifconfig AVAILABLE """""""""""""""""" I got my lanced gs working on my reconfigured network. To celebrate, I'm planning to migrate some of my partially finished projects from the confines of my hard drives to the www. Eventually :) The first one is a commandline (gno/orca) utility to connect/disconnect marinetti: ifconfig usage: ifconfig up -- tell marinetti to connect to the network ifconfig down -- tell marinetti to disconnect from the network ifconfig status -- ask marinetti if we're currently connected Source included. Get it while it's hot: http://www.syndicomm.com/~kws/iigs/ Kelvin (KWS, Cat 20, Top 11, Msg 9) [EOA] [JTM] Juiced.GS - THE MOVIE :) """""""""""""""""""""""" I came home this afternoon to find Juiced.GS in my mailbox. I was anxiously awaiting to read the SIS review. This would be the first time that SIS was reviewed by someone who did not beta test it. I think Ryan hit it right on the money. I also enjoyed the cover: the praise, the heartfelt love, the pure enjoyment of it. And the screams of agony. Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 537) >>>>> """"" Makes me want to go and rent the movie... Steven Weyhrich --< Apple II History http://apple2history.org (A2HISTORY, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 538) >>>>> """"" Steve, May I suggest something slightly better like....Dude, Where's My Car? Or Meatballs III. :) The worst part about getting a Juiced.GS issue is the inevitable wait for the next issue. Thanks for the hard work guys. Dain (A2.DAIN, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 539) >>>>> """"" >> Thanks for the hard work guys. << You're welcome. Hopefully we'll have something funnier on the next cover :-) Ryan Editor in Chief, Juiced.GS (A2.RYAN, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 540) >>>>> """"" >> I think Ryan hit it right on the money. << Wow. To be told that by the programmer is pretty rare. That's high praise, Geoff, thanks. >> I also enjoyed the cover: the praise, the heartfelt love, the pure enjoyment of it. And the screams of agony. << And the beatings. Let's not forget the beatings. Ryan Editor in Chief, Juiced.GS (A2.RYAN, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 541) >>>>> """"" As a demo of SIS, it was OK, but it was only funny if you were there. :) Mine finally arrived, by way of Alliance, NE, according to the postmark on the back of the envelope. It must have stuck to someone else's copy. Carl Knoblock - Telephone Tech - Mon 15 Mar 04 7:20:35 pm cknoblo@cox.com - Via Spectrum v2.5.3 & SOAR v1.0b10 KFest 2004, July 20-25, 2004 - 127 days till KFest On cable via LANceGS & Marinetti 2.0.1 - Thank you, Richard. A2 RTC Staff - Sunday Night House Party - carlk@syndicomm.com (CARLK, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 542) >>>>> """"" >> May I suggest something slightly better like....Dude, Where's My Car? Or Meatballs III. << Juiced.GS: The Movie. Ryan (A2.RYAN, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 543) [EOA] [PKJ] Pre-KansasFest ISSUE OF Juiced.GS IN PRODUCTION """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" We are currently in early production stage and plan to ship this issue in May 2004. This is the annual pre-KansasFest issue, so we hope to have some announcements and surprises for you as the event approaches. Remember, last year we told you that Woz would be there. :) Ryan Editor-in-Chief, Juiced.GS (RSUENAGA, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 554) >>>>> """"" Dain responds.... I feel sorry for you if you have to compete with that announcement:) Regardless, I look forward to your next issue. I really appreciate all your hard work on the issues. Sometimes I take for granted that Juiced.GS shows up at my doorstep every couple of months. It's been how many years since Apple killed the IIGS anyway? Thanks to all the people out there that will not let it die. Dain (A2.DAIN, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 545) [EOA] [SDG] INDIVIDUAL ISSUES OF Softdisk G-S NOW AVAILABLE """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Individual issues of Softdisk G-S are now on sale for $5 apiece at Syndicomm's online store. . Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 24, Top 33, Msg 28) [EOA] [TKE] THE KEGS EMULATOR """"""""""""""""" KEGS has now been updated to 0.86. Mouse operation is now very similar to what was found in Bernie and GUS. KEGS now works better than the mouse implementation found in ActiveGS (you have to love feature-set wars ;) It was the FTA who influenced me to make KEGS behave better. My first attempt at the mouse code emulated the FTA's work, but I wanted to see the mouse integration be like Bernie/GUS. My final implementation was much more sophisticated than what is now found in KEGS (and arguably more correct), but the mouse in KEGS seems to work fine, at least under SOLARIS which is all that I have tested so far. So that looks like another notch where KEGS meets or exceeds a feature in Bernie. Solaris users will probably want to add defined (SOLARIS) on line 48 in sound.c so sound works by default. Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 26) >>>>> """"" Geoff, How can KEGS be compiled on my Mac? I've installed the Developer tools (actually the Xcode thing that came with Panther). I downloaded the file that VersionTracker pointed to, but the file that looks like the KEGS application starts, makes an error noise, and then quits, no messages. Steven Weyhrich --< Apple II History http://apple2history.org (A2HISTORY, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 27) >>>>> """"" I don't have a Mac that can compile KEGS, so I don't really know. If I was to proceed, I would dump the Cocoa (or Carbon or whatever the right buzzword is) version and concentrate on the X version (now that a decent version of Mac OS X has been released). I would then unlink (or delete if there is no unlink) vars and symlink vars_linuxppc to vars. I would then make the result, fixing any problems due to compilation (the gcc developer tools must be installed--you installed everything from 10.3, right?). of course, it would be better to not change vars_linuxppc, but to create a new file (something like vars_macx11). Once it compiles, you now have xkegs to run (use existing ROM and hard disk images). It should be noted that there is no Mac sound support in the Xwindows version for the Mac. Just copy the necessary lines form macsnd_driver.c and put them into sound_driver.c. So if a new feature gets implemented (say integrated cut and paste with the host), UNIX and Mac users get the immediate benefit without needing developers to port across different environments. Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 28) >>>>> """"" Of course, a precompiled KEGS binary for the Mac is available too, so you don't *have* to build it yourself. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 29) >>>>> """"" But it is the precompiled KEGS for Mac OS X that I'm having problems with. That was why I was wondering about how to compile it. Steven Weyhrich --< Apple II History http://apple2history.org (A2HISTORY, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 30) >>>>> """"" Category 29, Topic 31 Message 31 Sun Mar 28, 2004 A2.DAIN [Dain] at 21:09 PDT Steve, What problem are you having? Thanks, Dain (A2.DAIN, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 31) >>>>> """"" When I start KEGSMAC it opens a window while the icon is bouncing, and then just quits with no error message, no "This application unexpectedly quit" or nothing. Steven Weyhrich --< Apple II History http://apple2history.org (A2HISTORY, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 32) >>>>> """"" Perhaps if you launch it from a terminal window, it will print an error message (like unable to find the rom file)? Kelvin (KWS, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 33) >>>>> """"" Steve, I know this sounds pretty moronic to a Mac user. (it does to me) But you have to follow these rules explicitly. "Like most other KEGS versions, KEGSMAC is usually run from a Terminal window. Just type "./KEGSMAC.app/Contents/MacOS/KEGSMAC" in the directory you installed/compiled it in. You need to have a ROM file (named ROM, ROM.01, or ROM.03) and a config.kegs in the same directory or in your home directory (read the README--these files are searched for in various places)." There maybe a way to tie that knowledge to an icon to click on. I'm just not sure how. Good Luck, Dain (A2.DAIN, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 34) >>>>> """"" You should probably look at the documentation that comes with your terminal program (does it have a man page?). For example, xterm can launch a program with the -e argument. xterm -e xkegs Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 29, Top 31, Msg 35) [EOA] [FTM]------------------------ FEATURED THIS MONTH | ----------------------------- THE COMPUTER AS AN OBJECT OF LEARNING: TIME FOR SOMETHING NEW ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Greg Hedger 4 April 2004 This article is not about best practices for software development or operating system engineering. It is geared, rather, toward the computer's role in individual learning. It is not of the pedagogical kind of learning fostered by its ability to connect to the Internet or run math drills that I speak. It is of the computer as the object of learning, as itself a veritable fountain of knowledge. We begin with the authors inspiration for this topic of the computer as an object of learning, examine problems with modern operating systems in an educational light, and conclude with a vision and a hope for the future. MY FIRST COMPUTER In April, 1983, my parents bought an Apple IIe system for $2,300. I didn't think much of it at the time, being embroiled in music. The oohs and ahs subsided, and by May, I was the only one using this esoteric contraption. My cousins came to Houston to spend that summer with us. The computer became a big hit with them. One cousin and I teamed up on Bolo, with us taking turns having one man the gun and the other drive, humming the theme to Star Wars during the more intense moments while flying through the maze being chased by angry enemies. The oldest girl preferred more intellectual pursuits and enjoyed spending time on Zork. I was always attracted to the graphical programs, however, and wanted to make my own early on. One day in June, after some rough play with the kids outside, I came in to work through the Applesoft Basic manual my dad and I had begun to study. I typed in one of the commands, GR, and the screen did something funny. After some more reading, I had a colored brick on the screen! That was an extremely exciting moment for me. Later, I ebulliently one-upped that achievement and had a hires dot, and then a line. Little did I know at the time that my passion for programming, the fire ignited that hot Houston summer, would be burning yet 21 years hence. I became obsessed with that machine and its inner workings to the point my mother had to hide the cord to force me to go outside and play. In fact, I managed to make a career of programming (and later with much study and hard work, software engineering) without ever taking a single formal course in Computer Science thanks in large part to the open architecture and approachability of the Apple II. The open architecture of the II invited discovery and encouraged learning at an impressionable age... a trait conspicuously absent from todays platforms. More properly, I owe any skill I may have acquired, my interests, and my career to the man and men behind the Apple II, and especially to my parents, who bought their product. Fast forward 21 years: where do we stand today? Are systems still as open and approachable? BOOT TIMES As a lead-in to the topic of the computer's role as an object of education, I'd like to make a few observations about the change in boot times as microcomputers have evolved. My Apple IIe boots a typical DOS 3.3 5.25" floppy in approximately 10-15 seconds. The Apple IIGS, after a brief delay on power-up, boots a modest GSOS from hard disk in about 12 seconds. A Windows 95 machine running a Pentium II@266MHz drops the user in the desktop after a 50 second wait. Finally, my AMD Athlon XP1800 with striped RAID-0 hard drives requires a whopping two minutes(!). Approx. Speed Bus Processing Machine/OS CPU (MHz) (bits) Factor Drive Time ----------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------- ----------- ----- Apple IIe/DOS 3.3 65C02 1 8 1X 5.25 Floppy 00:15* Apple IIGS/GSOS 65816 7.5 8/16 12X Hard Disk 00:12 Pentium II Win95 K6-II 266 32 1500X Hard Disk 00:50 AMD Athlon Win2K K7 1533 32 8000+X RAID-0 HD 01:55 *(varies) Anyone old enough to remember Highlights Magazine inevitably recalls the "What's wrong?" pictures. Can you spot a problem with the picture above? Do you see the abnormality: the faster machines become, the longer they take to boot (and perform other things, but here we focus on boot times). The first and most obvious answer is that the operating systems have grown more complex over time. Precisely. And it is my contention we've reached a point of critical mass beyond which this attribute becomes a deficit rather than an asset. Think about it: Can modern operating systems, nay, must modern operating systems require 67,000 times the boot time processing of the humble Apple DOS 3.3? A far more practical question is this: Do you, the user, get 67,000 times the value over your Apple II? 100 times? Even 10 times (be honest, now)? Whence arises this odd, inverse relationship between processing power and boot times? While a simple, monolithic blanket answer will not suffice, we'll explore a few more nuanced ones here. DELINEATION OF PROBLEMS WITH MODERN OS'S AS PERTAINS TO DISCOVERY, LEARNING, AND EXPLORATION The following is by no means an exhaustive compilation of the problems that plague modern computers, software, or users. It is merely intended to give the reader a flavor for attributes that serve as both weaknesses and impediments to learning from the computer. The real irony: Most of the attributes listed are almost universally considered strengths of sound design in both hardware and software. Abstraction First, it would not be unreasonable to surmise the high processing-to-valuable-output ratio of modern machines has something to do with layer piled upon layer of software abstraction to the hardware, with more attention often paid to theory than to pragmatic engineering solutions. Evidence for this deduction can be found, for example, in the wide array of graphics and sound cards available for the PC, to say nothing of the many motherboards and other low-level hardware devices. This brings us to our second problem: modularity. Modularity modularity is usually spoken of in favorable terms in most pursuits, and especially in computing disciplines. Indeed, ask any maintenance programmer and you'll find it can be a valuable trait to have in large software systems. However: _the need to support the many different possible types of hardware implicit in a modular architecture has necessitated an almost crippling level of abstraction and contingency code in the operating systems of today!_ Have you ever heard of (so-called) plug-and-play? One concomitant of this complexity, when combined with automated frameworks like plug-and-play intended to make the user's life easier, is the unintentional installation of sometimes many drivers of various flavors for the either the same or a different device. For example: Billy goes over to Joe's house to play Quake. He brings his joystick along. When he leaves, Joe has a new driver installed that he will almost never use (except when Billy comes over). Worse, he may even have a deadweight background process hanging around at all times, eating up RAM and CPU cycles. Multiply cases like this, add in the enormous volume of programmatic trash from Web installations, shake for one minute and stir twice and you have a first-class mess on your hands. Viewed in a purely hardware context, modular systems have the communal property of each part being replaceable by a similar part with the same inputs and outputs but with internal variations. Such systems have the economic advantage of fostering competition among hardware vendors while maintaining the same software operation for a given type of unit regardless of variant. Overdone, however, modularity leads to brittleness: to make a change to an interface to, say, a graphical device (VGA card in PC parlance) means a host of changes to the interface abstraction's internals are necessary to satisfy all the underlying hardware units. Thus, you have the highly-piled layering mentioned in Abstraction above and you end up with an enormous amount of processing needed to perform a very simple task, for example, plotting a dot to a screen - something a nine-year-old would almost certainly find hopeless without the aid of a special, and expensive, software development package. You are talking about writing a certain byte to a certain memory location: WHY SHOULD THAT COST 10s OR 100s OR DOLLARS? Worse yet, having such a package impedes our 9-year-olds learning by hiding from him the details - which concept, by the way, is very highly regarded in the software world as a property of modularity. Do you want your kid remaining ignorant in the name of sound object-oriented or modular theory? No! There will be a time to learn about that. However, childhood when creativity, enthusiasm, and the spirit of exploration is at an all time high - is NOT that time. Childhood is NOT the time to squash creativity in the name of favor-of-the-week theories. Today's machines are not only inefficient, but discourage learning and discovery. Some children and adults - may not be satisfied with just the Internet. Some children may want to know a little about the machine _enabling them to connect_ to the Internet. And that is no longer possible. Modularity's opposite is organicity. The adjective organic refers to the living and implies the inseparability of parts from the whole. In contrast to modularity, organicity emphasizes wholeness and interconnectivity between individual components, or organs. The whole is the sum of the parts, as one's arm is a part of the body and may not be switched and swapped at will. Each organic element has a very special design, related to its role in the interconnected whole. It is possible to think of an organic system as a single large module, with each part knowing about the others, instead of a collection thereof. While organic systems may not be picked apart piece by piece without disabling the function of the whole, they do have the advantage of each part being able to make safe assumptions about the others. In a computing context, this means an altogether elimination of the need for complex and expensive abstraction layers, enabling software to go directly to the hardware. The Apple II is an excellent example of an organic system: The graphics were tied, for example, to the memory refresh and saved cost on the original design. Unfortunately, this also proved a weakness as technology advanced, but certainly not an insurmountable one. It allowed for the very openness on the hardware level that set this legendary machine apart from all other microcomputers built before or since, to this day. Security The realities of the connectivity afforded by the Internet in conjunction with human nature necessitate the ability to secure one's private information from prying eyes. It is not, however, of this type of peer-to-peer security that we speak. Code-level security, in the form of page faulting and exception handling producing the inability to look at arbitrary memory, has weakened users' ability to learn about the computer, to debug programs (virtually unheard of anymore, as we seem to insist on keeping users "in the dark"), or learn how things work. Insofar as most machines store their data on a single centralized repository medium in the form of a hard drive, this is somewhat justified, but not completely - there are other ways besides this to protect persistent data. Some vendors simply want to keep their code private. But this, too, in an age when open source solutions are gaining in popularity, rings hollow. Moreover, if a dishonest (and competent) someone is determined to steal code and is willing to expend the effort necessary to disassemble and interpret it, this person will eventually achieve his or her goal. System-level security is appropriate in some settings - banks, for example, don't want tellers snooping customer ATM PIN numbers. It is not appropriate, however, in our context, in which we are evaluating the computer as a learning tool. That system must be kept as open as possible, and invite prying eyes - not to pry account numbers, but knowledge that will help them learn and grow and inspire them to become something other than video-game addicted mind-numbed couch potatoes. The Apple II does precisely that: Call -151. Quality The final problem with today's machines is quality. Herein lies a paradox with cost - one of the modern PCs greatest strengths. However, with substandard hardware being produced in mass levels by underpaid laborers, poor quality has irked almost every user of a modern computer system at some point. To its credit, one thing of which Apple, at least historically, may not be accused is producing shoddy-quality products. The author uses his Apple IIGS daily and even still fires up the now 21-year-old Apple IIe on occasion. The only current problem is with the latter - an op-amp complicity in joystick reads sits in a loose socket that will eventually need to be desoldered and replaced. The only other problems he has had is when a 74F323 chip on the Disk II controller burned up 14 years ago, and when a transistor array DIP in one of his Disk IIs went out, disabling the drive's write capability - which happened twice. That is about it - really not bad for 21 years of sometimes extremely heavy use. We could continue and discuss scope - trying to please everyone - and many other causes of the apparent sloth of machines running with incredible memory capacity processing capability, and throughput, to say nothing of covering post-boot activities, but the point has been well established. Other Peeves with MacWinUx When the user says jump, you (the computer) don't say, just a minute, I'm in the middle of something. You don't even say, How high?. You jump... NOW! Such was the Apple IIs Reset response. Of course, without the complexity of a huge and monolithic OS, its quite possible many of the cases wherein you would NEED to forcibly hard-reset the machine would be eliminated. Likewise, when the user types three dots, you (the machine) don't automatically convert them to another character: A) what purpose does this serve? B) If the user wants a specific character, she will specify such. When the user says to save a plain-jane document in its original, plain-jane format, you (the OS) save it. You DO NOT say, Are you sure? You might lose italics! You might lose formatting! A _good_ machine behaves as a servant, faithfully obeying its masters commands. It is not a person. It is a machine, a servant to the human operator. It may even be a friend, but it is a servant nonetheless. The master will learn without the servant talking back, second-guessing, or otherwise interpreting the masters commands other than literally. Beyond justified complaining about the latest and greatest, let us look forward to an ideal machine, one conducive to learning and built with the intelligence of the user assumed. LOOKING FORWARD What would the next Apple II be like? Asked more boldly, what _will_ it look like? What follows is the author's own speculation and represents not merely advancement in the computer world, but a Copernican shift, a long-awaited convergence of the best of the latest technology with old-world craftsmanship. First, barring a miracle it won't bear the name "Apple". Second, it will not look like anything on the market today. For now, we call it the Hypothetical Learning Computer, or HLC. On the outside, it will probably appear similar to a typical tower PC. It will have a high-quality VGA monitor, and perhaps even a radically new input device at least, new to the typical consumer. When you turn it on, it will beep at you, and you might see a familiar sight - a flashing white box cursor at the bottom of a screen. (You will not see a bunch of unsolicited counters or offers to press this key or that to "enter BIOS settings"[whatever those are, ].) Filling the 80x48 character text screen, arranged in a grid, are simple menu items. Each menu item represents a program. You "click" on one using the input device, and your web browser pops up instantly. You want to hear, say, the Seattle at Oakland game, so you poke on over to the baseball site, start the stream, and hit a quick key sequence to take you back to the start menu. What you've really just done is rebooted, but it occurred instantaneously - seamlessly - and did not stop your stream. You've told the machine to do in hardware what massive, bloated Orwellian operating systems currently do in software. It is now time to get some work done. With the ball game on in the background, you navigate to your development environment, or business tools, or whatever suits your particular vocation, and jump right in. No delays, no second guessing, no hourglasses, and no Are you sure? dialogues. No danger of crashing the hard disk either, as each context is managed at the hardware level. You hear an important play - Brett Boone just hit a triple with two men out - and want to increase the volume. You bring up the control panel with the familiar Control-Alt-Delete key combo. Instead of clearing the screen, the options show up in text with a transparent background, leaving your program visible behind, but dimmed. A famous 1956 study by George A. Miller (Harvard University), first published in Psychology Review, found that, generally speaking, people can focus on a maximum of seven things at once. Thus, a particular system needn't offer the ability to hold over 1000 simultaneous process instances - only seven. Moreover, if each process has its own context space (memory, hard drive), it should be able to implement its tasks in its own manner best suited to its applications. For example, while a web browser might be considered one "thing" to the user, it may front seven or eight or fifteen tasks internally to send and receive data, update animated graphics on the page, and update the streaming sound for the ball game via a plug-in. The point is, each user-level program (e.g., the web browser, not the tasks that comprise it) could run on its own processor, even sharing memory (possibly) with three or seven other processors, and all sharing resources such as the display and sound. One program would have the focus, though others may be shown "behind" it, perhaps through translucent windows. Admittedly, this approach is a deviation from the Apple II's creator's original genius of moving most functionality into software. However, 2004 does not hold nearly the cost restrictions on hardware resources as those present in 1977. Thus, it may not be very costly after all, and it helps maintain the openness of the system by keeping software complexity in check. The overriding concerns are in fact twofold: keep it open, as has been the focus of this article on the value of computers in learning, and keep it simple. This latter point avoids the bloat and sloth we've all come to experience as part of the warp and woof of modern computing. Now, as far as making the Hypothetical Learning Computer the logical, if not familial, heir of the Apple II, what can and can't its creators do? 65C02/65C816 emulation: 65C02/65C816 emulation would definitely loom large as an integral part of the HLC, and in hardware emulation. While the main processors would likely be a RISC variant or FPGAs, a 65C02 or two would be very nice to have around the house and would enable users to run a good deal of existing Apple II software. This latter ability is a key ingredient to HLCs success, and _may_ antecede reclamation of the classroom by a computer built (fittingly) with learning and education at front-center. Original Bank 0 Emulation: Again, this would be necessary to execute existing software, and should not present any legal hurdles. It could be extended to provide support for cutting edge graphics capabilities, and sound comparable to the IIGS, but modernized to CD-quality levels while maintaining a large number of voices. Original Apple II ROMS: This is a no-no, and violates Apple's legal copyrights. Legal precedent in Apple vs. Franklin established this. However, Laser produced similar ROMs from scratch, which ROMs worked with most software; they withstood a similar legal challenge. Original Apple II font: This may be the one area where interaction with Apple, Inc. becomes necessary. HLCs creators view it as the spiritual, if not ontological, heir of the Apple II, and wish to retain every aspect of the flavor and feel of that timeless and legendary computer. Apple IIGS emulation: While the Apple IIGS was and is a splendid machine, it represented, in the author's opinion, a step in the wrong direction by introducing the beginnings of a large, monolithic operating system. Development on like systems on other platforms has led to the very issues decried previously in this article, namely: bloat, inapproachability, and inefficiency. Moreover, the IIGS is heavily dependent upon its ROMs, whose size exceeds that of the Apple Iie's many times over. Any effort to clean room engineer them could present a toilsome nightmare. This effort is better spent elsewhere. Remember: you don't need a complex operating system to get the benefits afforded thereby. There are other ways to achieve multitasking capability _and_ responsiveness. Lots and Lots of RAM: Engineers should have little trouble allowing for expansion to 1-2GB of RAM on board should the owner desire it. However, due to the simplicity of the system and the lack of a memory-eating sow with twelve piglets sucking resources, huge gobs of RAM may not be necessary for even the most stunning and processor-intensive games. Emulation of other systems: We've been seeing Apple IIs on PCs and Macs for years now. The task of emulation of foreign systems should fall to software. The huge amounts of hard drive space necessary for, say, a major PC operating system that will remain nameless, would be cordoned off (read: quarantined!) from the rest of the programs on the system, and thus not a danger. Again, this is enforced at a very low firmware or even hardware level. Fault Tolerance: This one may shock you. One of the keys to a successful hard disk-enabled open system is protecting the data from unintentional destruction. Dual drives with a rollback feature would be part of the standard setup, and reads could even be optimized for greater speed under this arrangement. This is absolutely necessary to bring the same openness and flexibility of the original Apple II (and its derivative) to a hard-drive-based system in the Twenty-First Century. Ethernet and other hardware peripherals: Software is written to support networking or not, depending on its function. The hardware would include standard PCI slots for inexpensive PC hardware, but would need to be programmed. Fundamental hardware defined as hardware directly targeted to _one_ of the five human senses would be built in, and considerably endowed with formidable technology of the age. This would include the sound (auditory sense), graphics (visual sense), and keyboard (kinesthetic sense). Display/Sound: Insofar as seeing and hearing are fundamental to the human experience, HLCs video and audio capabilities will be fixed in the system and part of the HLC organic whole. This approach brings low-level access to truly awesome graphical and audio hardware to the masses, and it eliminates vendor confusion over which peripherals to support: There is one video mode, and one sound card. Also, it encourages developers to refocus energy otherwise wasted on supporting a wide variety of hardware. It lets them tap into the hardware "goodies", the more specialized functions of the hardware that might not be available on all units of a wide variety of display adapters. TARGET MARKET Anyone who loves computing but hates the hassle is a potential customer for the Hypothetical Learning Computer. Young boys are candidates who aspire to be to video game development what Isaac Asimov was to science fiction. Young ladies wanting to get ahead in school would find their computing needs met. Moms who want to organize their recipes, calendars, and cruise the web without learning a massively complicated operating system would find the HLC attractive as a family computer. Dads updating their families monthly budget and then learning BASIC with their sons and daughters appreciate the HLCs simplicity and transparency. And long-time Apple II veterans and former users the world over are of course warmly invited to partake of something they've not experienced since 1989: A new, highly advanced and innovative model of the machine they grew to know, enjoy, and learn from. The HLC is just that. It is not intended for business or commerce, but for the purpose of restoring to the home user the joy of computing. WHEN WILL THE HLC BECOME A REALITY? It would take one person years in engineering effort and patience to build such a machine. Details would need to be worked out, debated, and analyzed. It would require a modest investment in equipment and software (running, no doubt, on a bloated, crash-prone machine) but there's no good reason why it could not one day come to fruition provided its creators follow the all pertinent legalities. Needless to say, positive participation from Apple would be extremely well received, but, just as Detroit Tiger fans should not expect a World Series Championship in 2004, one had best not expect such positive participation from the Originators. Jeri Ellsworth offers a unique inspiration, as through her and her team the Commodore 64 is reborn. The spirit of innovation and creativity, inspired in many cases during a childhood influenced by such machines, dies hard. The author realizes others with a similar dream for the Apple II have come and gone. Let the reader rest assured that _this_ dream will only die when the author of this article dies, and hopefully (by that time) the dream will have long since materialized and inspired millions who will be carrying the personal computing torch for future generations. -GH Anyone interested in the contents of this article, or in participating in the HLC project, should contact hedger@sbcglobal.net. [ITL]------------------------ ILLUMINATING THE LAMP | ----------------------------- An overview of GEnieLamp A2 and The Lamp! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By Steven Weyhrich The series ILLUMINATING THE LAMP will continue next month. [EOA] [ANS]------------------------------- ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM SYNDICOMM | ------------------------------------ by Lyle Syverson [TSU] TO SIGN UP FOR SYNDICOMM ONLINE """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Please visit our web site at http://www.syndicomm.com for information or to sign up! (Logon message) [EOA] [ASU] Announcement System Updated """"""""""""""""""""""""""" We've got a new login announcement system in place, which will make it easier for us to keep you informed. Visit the HelpDesk forum at page 150, keyword HELPDESK for details. (Login Announcement) [EOA] [SAR] Syndicommotion for April 2004 released """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" The April issue of Syndicommotion, our free newsletter covering the latest events on Syndicomm Online, is now available. If you don't subscribe, you can read the issue at . (Login Announcement) [EOA] [LTE]------------------------------- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR | ------------------------------------ Enjoying the Monthly Column, "Illuminating The Lamp" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" The mail box for Letters to the Editor remained empty this month. [EOA] AN INVITATION ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Express your opinions about the comings and goings in the world of the Apple II computers. Send your comments to Lyle Syverson, Editor The Editor reserves the right to edit any material submitted. The Editor reserves the right to reject any material he considers unsuitable for publication in _The Lamp!_. [EOA] [KFF]------------------------------ KFest 2004 | ----------------------------------- [KF4] KansasFest 2004 """"""""""""""" KansasFest 2004 is planned for July 20-25, 2004 at Avila University in Kansas City, Missouri. (Heading: Cat 5, Top 22) [EOA] [KFR] REGISTRATION IS NOW OPEN FOR KFest 2004 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Visit the KFest Home Page at: http://www.kfest.org/ and follow the registration link. [EOA] [INN]------------------------------ EXTRA INNINGS | ----------------------------------- About The Lamp! The Lamp! is published on the fifteenth of every month on """"""""""""""" the WEB at: http://lamp.a2central.com/ This publication produced entirely with real or emulated Apple II computers using Appleworks 5.1 and Hermes. Apple II Forever! * The Lamp! is (c) copyright 2004 by Ryan M. Suenaga, M.S.W. All rights reserved. * To reach The Lamp! on Internet email send mail to thelamp@sheppyware.net * All issues of The Lamp! are available at The Lamp! 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