ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ» º º ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ º ɼ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ º º Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜÜÛ Û ÜÜÜÜÛ Û ÜÜÜ Û º ɼ Û ÜÜÜÜÛ Û ÜÜÜ Û ÛÜÜÜÜ Û Û ÛÜÜÜÜ Û ÛÜÛ Û º º ÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ º º º º ÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ º Éͼ Û ÜÜ ÛÜ Û ÜÜ ÛÜ Û ÜÜÜÜÛ º º Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜ Û ÛÜÜÜÜ Û º ɼ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ º º º ÉÍͼ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÉÍÍͼ º Û Ü Ü Û Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜÜÛ Û ÜÜÜ Û ÛÜÜÜ ÜÛ ÛÜ ÜÛ Û ßÛÛ Û Û ÜÜÜÜÛ º ɼ Û Û Û Û Û ÜÜÜ Û Û ÛÜÜ Û Û ÜÜÜ Û ÜÛßÜÛÛÜ ÜÛ ÛÜ Û ÛÜß Û Û ÜÜÜÛÜ º ɼ ÛÜÛßÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÛßÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜÜÜÛ º ÌÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍ» º November 1996 Volume 4 Number 11 º ÇÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄĶ º Board of Trade BBS New Port Richey, Florida (813) 862-4772 º ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ In This Issue ------------- þ ONE ISPCON '96 Highlights þ Olsen Outdoors þ Copyright Law: Part I þ Computer Basics Written by Ed Garwood þ Latest news, reviews and more + + + + + Editor's Welcome ---------------- Welcome to the latest issue of Tampa Bay's oldest free on-line magazine! In this issue, we feature some coverage of the first ONE ISPCON. After going to the last three BBSCONs, I did not attend the event myself. There are some interesting details emerging. Considering that less than 2,000 people went to the show, it could be said that the change in focus was a mistake. When Tampa hosted the last ONE BBSCON in the summer of 1995, event organizers were speculating that around 10,000 people would attend the 1996 show in San Francisco. After those estimates were given, the organizers changed the name of the event from the ONE BBSCON to the ONE ISPCON. The focus would move from the bulletin board system to Internet service providers. Toss in the fact that the registration fees went up dramatically, and it could be said that the first ONE ISPCON was a failure. Boardwatch Magazine editor Jack Rickard, one of the primary sponsors of the ISPCON, put his own spin on this year's show. Traditionally, Boardwatch Magazine has taken on a cheerleader role, instead of reporting any real news on the event. It is comical to see Rickard call it the "Largest gathering of ISPs ever held." I would think that they are disappointed with the turnout, but also believe that they will never admit they made a mistake. So, that is my two cents worth on this subject. This month also takes a look at Olsen Outdoors. I always thought Dick Olsen would make an interesting interview for this publication, and it is possible that will be pursued for a future issue. He has combined two interesting hobbies, computers and fishing, and has an entire line of fishing related Shareware programs. There is also part one of a two part article on the Copyright Law. From time to time we like to present laws which are pertinent to the on-line world. Of course, all our regular features are back as well, including Ed Garwood's Computer Basics. Thanks for reading! + + + + + ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³ PASCO BBS MAGAZINE ³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ ³ Tampa Bay's Oldest Free On-line Magazine! ³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ ³ EDITOR: Richard Ziegler ³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ ³ HOME BBS: Board of Trade BBS (813) 862-4772 ³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ ³ World Wide Web Home Page: http://www.sanctum.com/pasco ³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ + + + + + ONE ISPCON '96 Highlights ------------------------- The first Online Networking Exposition and Internet Service Providers Convention (ONE ISPCON) was held in San Francisco August 7-10, 1996. The Moscone Center and the San Francisco Hilton and Towers were the locations for the event. The ONE ISPCON replaced a show known as ONE BBSCON, an acronym for Online Networking Exposition and BBS Convention. After four years of staging the ONE BBSCON, the event's focus moved away from the bulletin board and concentrated on Internet Service Providers. ONE, Inc. has staged an on- line related show the last five years and the primary organizers are Boardwatch Magazine editor Jack Rickard and eSoft, Inc. President Phil Becker. While the Pasco BBS Magazine did not have a representative at this summer's show, some information is becoming available. In the October issue of Boardwatch Magazine, speaking of the first ISPCON, Jack Rickard stated "A good time was had by all." ONE ISPCON '96 had 1,940 people in attendance, which was about half the number that attended ONE BBSCON '95 in Tampa. After the attendance figures doubled each of the first three years of the BBSCON, the numbers did level off at around 4,000 for the August 1995 show in Tampa. While it is always difficult and dangerous to make predictions, one year ago event organizers were projecting attendance figures near 10,000 for the San Francisco show. Privately, they must be disappointed in the turnout. Publicly, they were trying to put a positive spin on the drop in attendance. Jack Rickard called it the "Largest gathering of ISPs ever held." One traditional BBSCON mainstay was carried over to the ISPCON, but the fifth annual John C. Dvorak Telecommunications Excellence Awards were somewhat different than years past. This year's awards concentrated on the Internet, instead of telecommunications in general. The Lifetime Achievement Award went to Tim Berners-Lee, who is one of the inventors of the World Wide Web and the current Director of the World Wide Web Consortium. A couple of the other winners included The Los Angeles Dodger Web Site for Outstanding Special Interest Web Site and the Chicago Sun-Times for Outstanding Online Newspaper. Many of the winners were names that most people probably never heard of before. Thursday Morning's Welcoming Session featured Tony Rutkowski speaking on "The Fifth Wave: New Internet Paradigms" and Mark Corbitt on "The Impact of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 on ISPs." Popular computer columnist John C. Dvorak gave Keynote Speech. He gave the keynote at the first ONE BBSCON as well. A few of the educational sessions were hosted by familiar names in the on-line world, such as Phil Becker, Kevin Behrens, Andre Duran, Jack Rickard and Lance Rose. Many of the sessions were hosted by lesser known people. The popular "Jack and Phil Show" was gone and Kevin Behrens hosted ISP Roundtables instead of BBS Roundtables. Some sessions had a familiar sound, such as Internet 101 and Guerrilla Marketing Your Service, but there was a new slate of sessions with titles like Will the Real Internet Please Stand Up, Protecting Your Domain Name, The New Rural America, How to Become an ISP, Internet Quiz Show and Internet Intangibles. While ONE, Inc. may have tried to follow the current trend of people moving away from dial-up hobby bulletin board systems and migrating over to the Internet, the results of the first ISPCON appear ambiguous at best. Since the registration fees were almost twice as much as last year, the drop in attendance should not have hurt ONE, Inc. too much. At this point, no details have been made available about ONE ISPCON '97. As more information becomes available, about this year's and possible future shows, the Pasco BBS Magazine will continue to cover this story. + + + + + ÕÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑѸ ÆØØØØØØØØØØØ Board of Trade BBS ØØØØØØØØØص ÆØØØØØØØØØ New Port Richey, Florida ØØØØØØØص ÆØØØØØØØ (813) 862-4772 ØØØØØص ÆØØØØØ FidoNet: 1:3619/10 ØØØص ÆØØØ Øص ÆØ The Hobby BBS for the Entire Family! ص ³ ³ ³ Pasco County's Information Source ³ ³ Home of the Pasco BBS Magazine, DA BUCS and BBS Basics ³ ³ ³ ³ Call here FIRST for the BEST in Shareware ³ ³ Official Distribution Site for the Most Popular Authors ³ ÆØ Øµ ÆØØØ Supporting the Local Computer Community ØØص ÆØØØØØ Local Author Support File Directory ØØØØص ÆØØØØØØØ Official Support BBS for Pasco ComPats Computer Club ØØØØØØص ÆØØØØØØØØØ ØØØØØØØص ÆØØØØØØØØØØØ Member: AOP and EFF ØØØØØØØØØص ÔÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏϾ + + + + + Olsen Outdoors -------------- When I first got back into computing, and bought my first IBM compatible PC, a friend gave me a disk with several games on it. One of the programs was a fishing game called BassTour. At the time, I thought it was a pretty slick little game. Of course, we are going back to a time before VGA graphics and sound cards. It was a time when few Shareware programs were receiving any national publicity. Today, companies like Apogee Software and id Software are making millions of dollars in the Shareware game market. In preparing this article, I took another look at BassTour. Would the game still stack up in today's market? Surprising, it does. While the graphics may appear tame by today's standards, it takes more than flashy graphics to make a good program. To the best of my knowledge, to this day, no one has developed a better Shareware fishing game. The author of BassTour, Dick Olsen, has a complete line of fishing related Shareware programs. This article provides some background information on Olsen Outdoors and looks at their current catalog. Dick Olsen has combined two interesting hobbies into Olsen Outdoors, which creates Shareware "Software for the Outdoorsman." His efforts began in 1988 with the release of the classic Shareware game BassTour. Olsen Outdoors now specializes in PC compatible programs related to outdoor activities. Dick Olsen is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals, along with The Bare Hill Anglers, The Massachusetts B.A.S.S. Federation, and B.A.S.S., so fishing related products make up a large portion of the Olsen Outdoors catalog. There are a few other programs for office and personal use, and all the releases are non-violent and suitable for users of all ages. What follows is a list of the programs currently available from Olsen Outdoors. The registration price is included. BassTour - This Shareware classic has been called the ultimate fishing game. You control a fully rigged bass boat and have over 2300 lure/color combinations to choose from. You may also choose from six different fishing rods. The game features a trolling motor, LCD chart recorder, a live well and many other options. You can fish by yourself, or join a three day tournament against the 30 top names in bass fishing. BassTour runs on CGA, MCGA, Hercules, EGA, VGA and SVGA systems with 512k of memory. A registered version is $17.00 on a 3.5" disk and $15.00 on a 5.25" disk. BassDuel - BassDuel is a two player fishing tournament where both players fish from the same boat, just like in the real tournaments. The main player controls boat movement and can use a mouse while the 'partner' fishes from the rear of the boat and can use a joystick or the keyboard. Each player has eight rods and a fully stocked tackle box. The boat even has a divided live-well. Check out the realistic head-to-head competition against your partner and 30 of the top names in bass tournament fishing. BassDuel requires EGA or true VGA and 512k of memory. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk and $15.00 for a 5.25" disk. Bass Class - Bass Class is not only a great fishing game, it is a learning tool as well. While not a tournament situation, it has all the other features that BassTour has and more. It has an on-screen glossary of fishing terms, and is loaded with on-line help and suggestions. On-screen contour maps and an LCD fish finder are standard. Very realistic lure behavior teaches you the right lures for different situations. The program is highly educational and lots of fun. Bass Class requires EGA or true VGA and 512k of memory. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk, or $15.00 for a 5.25" disk. BassTips - BassTips is a collection of over 100 fishing, boating, and environmental tips. It comes with a tip editor so you can add your own tips to the program. BassTips can be configured so that a tip is displayed on your screen each time you boot-up your computer. BassTips can improve everyone's fishing. The program requires 256k of memory and works on color or monochrome displays. Registration is $12.00 for a 3.5" disk and $10.00 for a 5.25" disk. FishBase ][ - FishBase ][ is a fisherman's log book and data base program that also gives you lots of statistics about the fish you catch. With FishBase ][, you can see what lures accounted for the most fish, or see what effect the moon phases have on your results. The search and sort capability is fast and easy to use. The program requires at least 256k of memory and runs on color or monochrome systems. A hard disk is preferred for optimum speed and efficiency. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk, or $15.00 for 5.25" disk. Race The Nags - Race The Nags is a full color horse racing game for up to six players. Six horses (from a stable of over 200) gallop across your screen in a race for the finish line. Statistics are kept for all horses and you can view them with the included utility program. Start the game with $500 in seed money and place your bets to win, place, or show. If you're good, you may make the Top Ten Hall Of Fame. If you're good, you may earn membership in the elite Millionaires Club. Race The Nags requires EGA or better and 512k of memory. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk and $15.00 for 5.25" disk. Tikler - Tikler is a fast, extremely easy to use appointment/reminder program that you'll find indispensable. Use it to remind you of upcoming tournaments, meetings, anniversaries and birthdays. You can set how many days in advance you want to be notified. The program handles up to 600 events and has a built-in perpetual calendar. It can be used in the conventional TSR mode, swapping TSR mode or non-TSR mode. Tikler requires 256k of memory and supports color or monochrome systems. Registration is $17.00 for a 3.5" disk, or $15.00 for 5.25" disk. Olsen Outdoors also offers additional non-Shareware programs and add-on accessories, such as a program called BassDuel Deluxe. There are also additional lakes available. Dick Olsen is a long-time friend of Dan Linton and Nels Anderson, as they all worked at Prime Computer together. Dan Linton has written some Shareware programs himself, but is best known as the President of Software Creations. Nels Anderson also has written Shareware programs, including the very popular Mah Jongg. He has also written a Map Editor for BassTour, so people can create their own lakes. The latest versions of Olsen Outdoors software may be obtained from Nel Anderson's Xevious BBS at (508) 788-6951 and from Dan Linton's Software Creations (508) 368-7036. Software Creations may also be reached on the World Wide Web at http://www.swcbbs.com. To order the programs call (508) 486-3985. Personal checks, money orders, purchase orders, credit cards and cash are accepted. Shipping charges are $2.00 within North America and all orders are shipped on 3.5 inch disks unless otherwise requested. The mailing address is Olsen Outdoors, 68 Hartwell Avenue, Littleton, MA 01460. Dick Olsen can be reached via email at 70031,534 on Compuserve, or on the Internet at 70031.534@compuserve.com. + + + + + ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ Û Û Û DON'T COPY THAT FLOPPY! Û Û Û Û REPORT SOFTWARE PIRACY! * * * TOLL-FREE HOT LINE! Û Û Û Û ÜÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ Û Û ßßßÛ ÛßßÛ Û Û Û ÜÜ ÛßßÛ Û Û Û Û ÜÜ ßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÜÜ Û ßßßÛ Û ÛßßÛ Û Û ßßß ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß ß ß ß ßßßß Û Û Û Û Software Publishers Association, 1730 M St, NW, Washington, DC 20036 Û Û Û ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ + + + + + Computer Basics --------------- Written by Ed Garwood, Hudson, FL Directories One of the most misunderstood things in "Computerese" is the term "Directory." We know that typing "DIR" will give us a list of the programs, etc., on the disk, but when it comes to dealing with directories or sub-directories, we're not too sure just which way we should turn. Let's look at a typical DIR result: FILE 02-27-96 11:46a FRUITS 02-27-96 11:47a WINDOWS 02-27-96 11:48a WRITE 02-27-96 11:49a AUTOEXEC BAT 328 01-01-96 12:10a COMMAND COM 3415 01-02-96 1:15p CONFIG SYS 299 01-03-96 10:00a NOSOUND COM 54 01-02-96 11:57a PRIVACY EXE 24576 01-10-96 4:29p You will note that the first four entries have the symbol in them, meaning they are directories. The other five have the extensions listed, plus a number representing the number of bytes in the program. They are plain files. Let's take FRUITS for instance. If you were to type FRUITS at the prompt, you would get the message "Bad File." That's because FRUITS is a Directory. If you would type "CD\FRUITS" you would get the following prompt: C:\ FRUITS > Then, if you typed DIR, you would get the following: . 02-27-96 11:47a .. 02-27-96 11:47a APPLES EXE 12019 02-27-96 11:48a BANANAS EXE 8093 02-27-96 11:50a CHERRIES 02-27-96 11:55a This means that APPLES and BANANAS are separate programs, within the FRUITS directory, whereas CHERRIES is a sub-directory. To get to the CHERRIES programs, you would have to type CD\FRUITS\CHERRIES and then type DIR. What does this all mean? Why so complicated? Think of a set of books about FRUITS. It's in the FRUIT book case, in Room C. There are several books in the set, the first three being titled A, B, and C respectively. Now, if we want to look up Apples, we go to Room C (which corresponds to Drive C:) and we go over to the FRUIT book case (which corresponds to the FRUIT directory). Since we want to look up Apples, we would go to the first Book, A, (which corresponds to the Apples program). Now, suppose we wanted to look up Cherries. Following the above routine, we would end up with Book C. However, because there are a number of Cherry types, the book is divided into two parts. Part one for Light cherries and part 2 for dark cherries. Likewise, the Cherries Directory above has a sub- directory. The following would get us down to the two parts: C:\cd\fruits\cherries Typing DIR would then give us DIR. 02-27-96 1:14p DIR.. 02-27-96 1:14p LIGHT EXE 1240 02-27-96 1:28p DARK EXE 1356 02-27-96 1:30p If we were looking up Dark cherries, we would then type Dark.exe and we would get our program. Why do we have to go through this rigmarole? Well, DOS puts a limit of 512 files or directories in the root directory of your hard disk. Plus, DOS starts to go slower if you have more than 150 files and sub-directories in one directory. So, we have to break things up into portions which are more easily handled. For instance, some graphics programs may have 15 or more sub- directories, with each sub-directory have 40 or more individual files. With a limit of 512, entries, one big program could jam up your directory, and you could not add more programs. Think of the Directory as a library, with different areas of information, each area being subdivided and sub-subdivided as necessary. First you enter the building, then you go to a particular area or floor, then to a particular room, then to a particular set of shelves, etc. It's a logical sequence of events. So it is with the Computer Directory system. Just remember. When you see an entry with following it, you must type cd\ plus the entry name to get there. Oh yes. What do you do when you are finished reading about the Dark Cherries? Just type cd\ at the prompt. This will bring you back to your basic root directory. Editor's Note: Look for another installment of Computer Basics in next month's issue. Ed Garwood may be contacted by leaving a message on the Board of Trade BBS at (813) 862-4772. He is also active in the Pasco ComPats Computer Club. The club meets the second and fourth Thursday of the month at the New Port Richey City Council Chambers at the intersection of Main and Madison Streets in New Port Richey, Florida. For more information about the Pasco ComPats Computer Club, contact club President Robert Donbar at (813) 863-3963. + + + + + EFF Quote of the Month ---------------------- "The only maxim of a free government ought to be to trust no man living with power to endanger the public liberty." - John Adams, "Notes for an Oration at Braintree", 1772 Editor's Note: The Electronic Frontier Foundation Quote of the Month is a collection of the wittiest and stupidest, most sublime and most inane comments ever said about cryptography, civil liberties, networking, government, privacy, and more. For more information on the Electronic Frontier Foundation, contact the EFF via the Internet, phone, fax, or US Mail. The Electronic Frontier Foundation, 1001 G Street NW, Suite 950 E, Washington, DC 20001, (202) 347-5400 (voice), (202) 393-5509 (fax), (202) 638-6119 (BBS), Internet: ask@eff.org. + + + + + S H A R E W A R E R E V I E W ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³ Program ³ USAPuzzle! ³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ ³ Author/Vendor ³ Torpedo Software ³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ ³ Special Requirements ³ Windows ³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ USAPuzzle! Review ----------------- Lynnwood, Ohio based Torpedo Software has released a challenging educational game for Windows called USAPuzzle! The Shareware version lets the user learn about the states and their capitals, while the registered version features countries of the world. USAPuzzle! is actually level one of the registered version called GEOPuzzle! The Shareware version is two U.S. geography puzzles, one for the states and one for their capitals. The puzzle pieces consist of the states and star icons for the capitals, which must be dragged by the user to their correct position on an animated map of the United States. Using the hide option makes the program much more difficult, as it eliminates the outlines of the states, or stars that indicate capitals, on the game map. It might be considered difficult enough to match up the capital with each state, let alone remember the exact location where the capital city is located within the state. The same option is available in the states puzzle, as users can decide if they want to have the map display an outline of the states. The available timer can add another challenge to the game. USAPuzzle! is a colorful and easy to use program. It is worth checking out if you are looking for an educational U.S. geography program. + + + + + ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ» º º º ßÛß ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ Ûßßß ÛßÛ Ûßßß ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßÛßß Û Û ÛßÛßÛ º º Û Û Û Û Û Ûß ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ ÛßßÛ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û º º ßßß ß ß ß ß ßßßß ß ß ßßßß ß ß ß ß ßßßß ß ßßßß ß ß º º º º ÛßÛ ÛßÛ Ûßßß º º ÛßßÛ ÛßßÛ ßßßÛ º º ßßßß ßßßß ßßßß º º º º Since 1985 - Pasco County's Oldest BBS º º º º Sysops - Rob & Carolyn Marlowe º º º º Popular Chat Board, On-Line Games, CD-ROMS, Internet, FidoNet º º º º Ten Lines - (813) 848-6055 Voice - (813) 845-0893 º º º º telenet: sanctum.com º º º º READ THE PASCO BBS MAGAZINE AT: http://www.sanctum.com/pasco º º º ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ + + + + + ROTFL! ------ Computer humor courtesy of Sandy Illes Application to be a Net Penpal. (c)1995 Sandy Illes Part I Please answer yes or no: 1. Have you ever been personally involved in any extortion bids? ___ 2. Have you ever gone more than a week without changing your underwear? ___ 3. Have you ever been convicted of stalking anyone? ___ 4. Do people generally fear or despise you? ___ 5. Do you bathe or shower every day? ___ 6. Does your own mother find you repulsive? ___ 7. Are you regularly called upon to appear in a police lineup? ___ 8. If your pet could talk, would you be afraid of what it might say? ___ 9. Do you spend a lot of time perusing X-rated GIFs? ___ 10. Have you ever been in the witness protection program? ___ Part II Please fill in the blanks: 1. My idea of a good time is _________ in the __________. 2. My mother says I'm a _____________. 3. I ____________ a lot. 4. I have ___________ friends and _________ of them _________ me. 5. I have seen _____________. 6. I have had _______ arrests for weapons violations. Part III Multiple choice: 1. I don't have any: (a) morals (b) conscience (c) prior convictions (d) friends (e) undies on (f) teeth 2. I have a lot of: (a) body odor (b) enemies (c) dandruff (d) back hair (e) confusion (f) X-rated GIFs 3. I promise that I will: (a) write you every day (b) not write you more than twice a day (c) not call you at home unless it's really important (d) not call you at work unless I feel like it (e) have illicit thoughts about your GIF photo (f) shoot your dog if you don't write back 4. I can provide the following references: (a) Morty Goldman - the nerd I beat up in the schoolyard (b) Ronald Reagan - although he might have forgotten me now (c) Cher - what can I say, it was my turn to date her (d) My mother - who just wants me to move out of the basement (e) Elvis - because he visits me every day in the UFO (f) Charles Manson - my former cellmate 5. I'd like an opportunity to tell you: (a) I'm hot for you (b) I pick my teeth (c) I drink Drano (d) I need a life (e) I once imploded (f) dogs can talk 6. If we ever met in person, I think I'd: (a) throw up on your shoes (b) ram a knife through your heart (c) repeat every third word you say (d) force you to dig your own grave (e) show you how many Cheerios I can shove up my nose (f) be late 7. My hobby is: (a) collecting used toilet tissue (b) hurting small, defenseless animals (c) collecting boogers (d) setting garbage can fires (e) stalking movie stars (f) cooking with tapeworms 8. I would describe myself as: (a) bigger than a breadbox (b) pretty good now that I'm on Lithium (c) "experienced" for a 12-year-old boy (d) much more obedient to the voices in my head (e) haunted by evil spirits (f) looking like a movie star but that would be a lie Editor's Note: Thank you to ROTFL Digest!, and its editor Sandy Illes for allowing the above to be reprinted from a prior issue of the on-line humor magazine. ROTFL Digest! is published by Access Media Systems, which may be contacted at (905) 847-7143, or (905) 847-7362. You may also email Sandy Illes at sandyi@pathcom.com, or visit their home page on the World Wide Web at http://www.pathcom.com/~sandyi. + + + + + ²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²± THE NEWS ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²± ²²± ²²± ²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± DIRECTORY ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²±²²± ²²±²± ²²± ²²± ²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²±²²²²± ²²²²± ²²±²±²²± ²²²± A brief look ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²± ²²±²± ²²²²²²²± ²²²± at some of ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²²± ²± ²²²±²²²± ²²± ²²± the news of ²²²²± ²²± ²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²²²²± ²²± ²²± ²²²²± the month On September 25, 1996, IBM released version 4 of OS/2 Warp. This version of IBM's operating system has a new look and is easier to use than previous versions. At a campaign stop in Knoxville, Tennessee, President Bill Clinton talked of a day when computers are "as much a part of classrooms as blackboards." The President also said he would propose a five year plan to expand the Internet's capabilities. Microsoft Inc. announced they will offer unlimited Internet on the Microsoft Network (MSN) for a monthly fee of $19.95. MSN has attracted 1.6 million subscribers over its first year, which makes it the third largest on-line service. America Online has 6.5 million subscribers and CompuServe has 4.5 million. In related news, on Thursday September 19, Microsoft announced the Department of Justice was investigating how the company sells its Internet software. The DOJ last investigated the company in the summer of 1995, when Microsoft announced plans for an on-line network. Microsoft is also expected to release version 4.0 of their World Wide Web browser, called the Internet Explorer, by Christmas. Last month, it was reported that Galacticomm Chairman Tim Stryker had died on August 7, 1986. While questions remain, it appears that he was the victim of self-inflicted wounds. He was 41 years old. Last month's issue called Fort Lauderdale, Florida home to Stryker, but he had moved to Utah in 1993. Galacticomm announced that Bob Shaw, the company's chief executive officer, would serve as the new Chairman of the Board. Apple Computer Inc. has reported a fourth quarter profit of $25 million. This was somewhat of a surprise to market analysts, as the company had reported $69 million, $700 million and $32 million in losses for the first three quarters of the year. + + + + + ***************************************************************************** ATTENTION to Details BBS Clint Bradford, KE6LCS - Sysop Mira Loma, California BBS (909) 681-6221 BBS Excellence...Across the Board!(sm) Voice Support (909) 681-6210 Supporting BBS Member: AOP - Association of Online Professionals ASP - Association of Shareware Professionals EFF - Electronic Frontier Foundation ESC - Educational Software Cooperative NCSA - National Computer Security Association Message Networks: MustangNet USNet CoveNet Internet MysticNet ILink HamRadioNet Official Bulletin Station of the ARRL - American Radio Relay League ATTENTION to Details BBS is managed in compliance with the AOP and NCSA Codes of Professional Standards ***************************************************************************** + + + + + PBM Flashback - November 1995 ----------------------------- In last year's November issue, the Pasco BBS Magazine ran an update on the Association of Online Professionals (AOP). The article featured information from AOP promotional material, along with some comments made at ONE BBSCON '95 in Tampa. Jack Rickard, editor of Boardwatch Magazine and President of ONE Inc., made some interesting remarks, while endorsing the AOP at the Welcoming Session for the last BBSCON. This month we reprint some of what Jack Rickard had to say in the summer of 1995. "Every year it seemed there was someone who came up with the idea of forming some sort of association of bulletin board operators. I watched quite a parade of them come out, announce something, hope for 15,000 or 20,000 members instantly and when they didn't materialize, move on. The question is why can't we get all the BBS operators to do x, whatever x is. Basically, I didn't know. I had never seen all the bulletin board operators do anything. If you got all the bulletin board operators in the world, and laid them end- to-end, they couldn't reach a conclusion, much less lunch. They are a fairly independent group of people and getting them to do anything is a lot like herding cats. I think one of the reasons they run bulletin boards, on-line services and their own Web sites is that the rest of the world didn't do to suit them. So, they built another one where they could have a little control and do it their way." "Politically, almost all of the bulletin board operators tend to be Libertarians. None of them actually join the Libertarian Party, there's too many rules, you don't really buy into all of it, but the tendency is towards Libertarianism, just don't want to actually become a member. When we started Boardwatch Magazine people who ran on-line services were viewed much as you might a group of people who met every Tuesday evening to exchange toothbrushes. They do what? Why do they do that? In recent years, it's not that much of a niche. This has gone quite into the national eye and its become a bit of a mainstream thing. It also lead to a curious desire by our governing structure to do two things, one is to regulate it, and the other is tax it. To defend ourselves we are going to have to make some concessions on the I don't join and I don't get involved position. The first organization I've joined in ten years is now this Association of On-Line Professionals." Editor's Note: PBM Flashback will appear on a regular basis in future issues. Each issue will have this brief look back at some of the features which have appeared over the history of the Pasco BBS Magazine. + + + + + S H A R E W A R E R E V I E W ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³ Program ³ Excuse Maker ³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ ³ Author/Vendor ³ OneShot Software ³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ ³ Special Requirements ³ Windows ³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ Excuse Maker Review ------------------- Excuse Maker, a humor program for Windows created by OneShot Software, is designed to generate the "perfect" excuse. Dozens of different excuses can be printed out in full color. It is an easy to use program. To generate an excuse, the user first must select which one to use. An example of one of the excuses is that "Someone had to help deliver that herd of turkeys." After selecting an excuse, the user clicks on the print icon and will have to fill out several fields prior to printing. The fields are "this note excuses," "this excuse is being sent to" and "this excuse is from the desk of." When the excuse is printed, the "from the desk of" will appear at the top of the note. The next line printed will say "Dear" and the name that was inputed as the receiver of the note. The following line will say "Please excuse" and the name entered as the person to be excused. On the last line will be the name of the person sending the note. So, the notes will begin with please excuse whatever the person's name is. That will be followed by the actual excuse. A couple of excuses are, "or we'll find someone to make you eat this excuse" and "then you can blow your nose on this paper." Excuse Maker is a cute program with no fees associated with registration. However, one glitch is that when the note is printed, a small icon appears at the bottom. + + + + + ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ ³ For a list of the highlights from back issues of the Pasco BBS Magazine ³ ³ see the BACK.INF file distributed within the PBM archive. ³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ + + + + + Copyright Law: Part I ---------------------- > What is a Copyright? Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of original works of authorship; including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. Section 106 of the Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following: To reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords; To prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work; To distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending; To perform the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works; and To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work. It is illegal for anyone to violate any of the rights provided by the Act to the owner of copyright. These rights, however, are not unlimited in scope. Sections 107 through 119 of the Copyright Act establish limitations on these rights. In some cases, these limitations are specified exemptions from copyright liability. One major limitation is the doctrine of fair use, which is given a statutory basis in section 107 of the Act. In other instances, the limitation takes the form of a compulsory license under which certain limited uses of copyrighted works are permitted upon payment of specified royalties and compliance with statutory conditions. For further information about the limitations of any of these rights, consult the Copyright Act or write to the Copyright Office. > Who Can Claim a Copyright Copyright protection subsists from the time the work is created in fixed form; that is, it is an incident of the process of authorship. The copyright in the work of authorship immediately becomes the property of the author who created it. Only the author or those deriving their rights through the author can rightfully claim copyright. In the case of works made for hire, the employer and not the employee is presumptively considered the author. Section 101 of the copyright statute defines a work made for hire as: (1) a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment; or (2) a work specially ordered or commissioned for use as a contribution to a collective work, as a part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, as a translation, as a supplementary work, as a compilation, as an instructional text, as a test, as answer material for a test, or as an atlas, if the parties expressly agree in a written instrument signed by them that the work shall be considered a work made for hire.... The authors of a joint work are co-owners of the copyright in the work, unless there is an agreement to the contrary. Copyright in each separate contribution to a periodical or other collective work is distinct from copyright in the collective work as a whole and vests initially with the author of the contribution. Two General Principles Mere ownership of a book, manuscript, painting, or any other copy or phonorecord does not give the possessor the copyright. The law provides that transfer of ownership of any material object that embodies a protected work does not of itself convey any rights in the copyright. Minors may claim copyright, but state laws may regulate the business dealings involving copyrights owned by minors. For information on relevant state laws, consult an attorney. > Copyright and National Origin of the Work Copyright protection is available for all unpublished works, regardless of the nationality or domicile of the author. Published works are eligible for copyright protection in the United States if any one of the following conditions is met: On the date of first publication, one or more of the authors is a national or domiciliary of the United States or is a national, domiciliary, or sovereign authority of a foreign nation that is a party to a copyright treaty to which the United States is also a party, or is a stateless person wherever that person may be domiciled; or The work is first published in the United States or in a foreign nation that, on the date of first publication, is a party to the Universal Copyright Convention; or the work comes within the scope of a Presidential proclamation; or The work is first published on or after March 1, 1989, in a foreign nation that on the date of first publication, is a party to the Berne Convention; or, if the work is not first published in a country party to the Berne Convention, it is published (on or after March 1, 1989) within 30 days of first publication in a country that is party to the Berne Convention; or the work, first published on or after March 1, 1989, is a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work that is incorporated in a permanent structure located in the United States; or, if the work, first published on or after March 1, 1989, is a published audiovisual work, all the authors are legal entities with headquarters in the United States. > What Works are Protected? Copyright protects original works of authorship that are fixed in a tangible form of expression. The fixation need not be directly perceptible, so long as it may be communicated with the aid of a machine or device. Copyrightable works include the following categories: (1) literary works; (2) musical works, including any accompanying words; (3) dramatic works, including any accompanying music; (4) pantomimes and choreographic works; (5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works; (6) motion pictures and other audiovisual works; (7) sound recordings; and (8) architectural works. These categories should be viewed quite broadly: for example, computer programs and most compilations are registrable as literary works; maps and architectural plans are registrable as pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works. > What is Not Protected by Copyright? Several categories of material are generally not eligible for statutory copyright protection. These include among others: Works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression. For example: choreographic works that have not been notated or recorded, or improvisational speeches or performances that have not been written or recorded. Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans; familiar symbols or designs; mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring; mere listings of ingredients or contents. Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts, principles, discoveries, or devices, as distinguished from a description, explanation, or illustration. Works consisting entirely of information that is common property and containing no original authorship. For example: standard calendars, height and weight charts, tape measures and rulers, and lists or tables taken from public documents or other common sources. > How to Secure a Copyright Copyright Secured Automatically Upon Creation The way in which copyright protection is secured under the present law is frequently misunderstood. No publication or registration or other action in the Copyright Office is required to secure copyright (see following NOTE). There are, however, certain definite advantages to registration. NOTE: Before 1978, statutory copyright was generally secured by the act of publication with notice of copyright, assuming compliance with all other relevant statutory conditions. Works in the public domain on January 1, 1978 (for example, works published without satisfying all conditions for securing statutory copyright under the Copyright Act of 1909) remain in the public domain under the current act. Statutory copyright could also be secured before 1978 by the act of registration in the case of certain unpublished works and works eligible for ad interim copyright. The current Act automatically extends to full term section 304 sets the term) copyright for all works including those subject to ad interim copyright if ad interim registration has been made on or before June 30, 1978. Copyright is secured automatically when the work is created, and a work is created when it is fixed in a copy or phonorecord for the first time. Copies are material objects from which a work can be read or visually perceived either directly or with the aid of a machine or device, such as books, manuscripts, sheet music, film, videotape, or microfilm. Phonorecords are material objects embodying fixations of sounds (excluding, by statutory definition, motion picture soundtracks), such as cassette tapes, CD's, or LP's. Thus, for example, a song (the work) can be fixed in sheet music (copies) or in phonograph disks (phonorecords), or both. If a work is prepared over a period of time, the part of the work that is fixed on a particular date constitutes the created work as of that date. > Publication Publication is no longer the key to obtaining statutory copyright as it was under the Copyright Act of 1909. However, publication remains important to copyright owners. The Copyright Act defines publication as follows: Publication is the distribution of copies or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. The offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of persons for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public display constitutes publication. A public performance or display of a work does not of itself constitute publication. A further discussion of the definition of publication can be found in the legislative history of the Act. The legislative reports define to the public; as distribution to persons under no explicit or implicit restrictions with respect to disclosure of the contents. The reports state that the definition makes it clear that the sale of phonorecords constitutes publication of the underlying work, for example, the musical, dramatic, or literary work embodied in a phonorecord. The reports also state that it is clear that any form of dissemination in which the material object does not change hands, for example, performances or displays on television, is not a publication no matter how many people are exposed to the work. However, when copies or phonorecords are offered for sale or lease to a group of wholesalers, broadcasters, or motion picture theaters, publication does take place if the purpose is further distribution, public performance, or public display. Publication is an important concept in the copyright law for several reasons: When a work is published, it may bear a notice of copyright to identify the year of publication and the name of the copyright owner and to inform the public that the work is protected by copyright. Works published before March 1, 1989, must bear the notice or risk loss of copyright protection. (See discussion "notice of copyright" below.) Works that are published in the United States are subject to mandatory deposit with the Library of Congress. (See discussion on mandatory deposit, below.) Publication of a work can affect the limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner that are set forth in sections 107 through 120 of the law. The year of publication may determine the duration of copyright protection for anonymous and pseudonymous works (when the author's identity is not revealed in the records of the Copyright Office) and for works made for hire. Deposit requirements for registration of published works differ from those for registration of unpublished works. (See discussion on registration procedures, below.) > Notice of Copyright For works first published on and after March 1, 1989, use of the copyright notice is optional, though highly recommended. Before March 1, 1989, the use of the notice was mandatory on all published works, and any work first published before that date must bear a notice or risk loss of copyright protection. (The Copyright Office does not take a position on whether works first published with notice before March 1, 1989, and reprinted and distributed on and after March 1, 1989, must bear the copyright notice.) Use of the notice is recommended because it informs the public that the work is protected by copyright, identifies the copyright owner, and shows the year of first publication. Furthermore, in the event that a work is infringed, if the work carries a proper notice, the court will not allow a defendant to claim innocent infringement--that is, that he or she did not realize that the work is protected. (A successful innocent infringement claim may result in a reduction in damages that the copyright owner would otherwise receive.) The use of the copyright notice is the responsibility of the copyright owner and does not require advance permission from, or registration with, the Copyright Office. Form of Notice for Visually Perceptible Copies The notice for visually perceptible copies should contain all of the following three elements: 1. The symbol (the letter in a circle), or the word Copyright or the abbreviation Copr.; and 2. The year of first publication of the work. In the case of compilations or derivative works incorporating previously published material, the year date of first publication of the compilation or derivative work is sufficient. The year date may be omitted where a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, with accompanying textual matter, if any, is reproduced in or on greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or any useful article; and 3. The name of the owner of copyright in the work, or an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of the owner. Example: 1995 John Doe The C in a circle notice is used only on visually perceptible copies. Certain kinds of works--for example, musical, dramatic, and literary works--may be fixed not in copies but by means of sound in an audio recording. Since audio recordings such as audio tapes and phonograph disks are phonorecords and not copies, the C in a circle notice is not used to indicate protection of the underlying musical, dramatic, or literary work that is recorded. Form of Notice for Phonorecords of Sound Recordings The copyright notice for phonorecords of sound recordings* has somewhat different requirements. The notice appearing on phonorecords should contain the following three elements: *Sound recordings are defined as works that result from the fixation of a series of musical, spoken, or other sounds, but not including the sounds accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work, regardless of the nature of the material objects, such as disks, tapes, or other phonorecords, in which they are embodied. 1. The symbol (the letter P in a circle); and 2. The year of first publication of the sound recording; and 3. The name of the owner of copyright in the sound recording, or an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of the owner. If the producer of the sound recording is named on the phonorecord labels or containers, and if no other name appears in conjunction with the notice, the producer's name shall be considered a part of the notice. NOTE: Since questions may arise from the use of variant forms of the notice, any form of the notice other than those given here should not be used without first seeking legal advice. Position of Notice The notice should be affixed to copies or phonorecords of the work in such a manner and location as to give reasonable notice of the claim of copyright. The notice on phonorecords may appear on the surface of the phonorecord or on the phonorecord label or container, provided the manner of placement and location give reasonable notice of the claim. The three elements of the notice should ordinarily appear together on the copies or phonorecords. The Copyright Office has issued regulations concerning the form and position of the copyright notice in the Code of Federal Regulations (37 CFR Part 201). For more information, request Circular 3. Publications Incorporating United States Government Works Works by the U.S. Government are not eligible for copyright protection. For works published on and after March 1, 1989, the previous notice requirement for works consisting primarily of one or more U.S. Government works has been eliminated. However, use of the copyright notice for these works is still strongly recommended. Use of a notice on such a work will defeat a claim of innocent infringement as previously described provided the notice also includes a statement that identifies one of the following: those portions of the work in which copyright is claimed or those portions that constitute U.S. Government material. An example is: 1994 Jane Brown. Copyright claimed in Chapters 7-10, exclusive of U.S. Government maps. Works published before March 1, 1989, that consist primarily of one or more works of the U.S. Government must bear a notice and the identifying statement. Unpublished Works To avoid an inadvertent publication without notice, the author or other owner of copyright may wish to place a copyright notice on any copies or phonorecords that leave his or her control. An appropriate notice for an unpublished work is: Unpublished work 1994 Jane Doe. Effect of Omission of the Notice or of Error in the Name or Date The Copyright Act, in sections 405 and 406, provides procedures for correcting errors and omissions of the copyright notice on works published on or after January 1, 1978, and before March 1, 1989. In general, if a notice was omitted or an error was made on copies distributed on or after January 1, 1978, and before March 1, 1989, the copyright was not automatically lost. Copyright protection may be maintained if registration for the work has been made before or is made within 5 years after the publication without notice, and a reasonable effort is made to add the notice to all copies or phonorecords that are distributed to the public in the United States after the omission has been discovered. For more information request Circular 3. > How Long Copyright Protection Endures Works Originally Created On or After January 1, 1978 A work that is created (fixed in tangible form for the first time) on or after January 1, 1978, is automatically protected from the moment of its creation, and is ordinarily given a term enduring for the author's life, plus an additional 50 years after the author's death. In the case of a joint work prepared by two or more authors who did not work for hire, the term lasts for 50 years after the last surviving author's death. For works made for hire, and for anonymous and pseudonymous works (unless the author's identity is revealed in Copyright Office records), the duration of copyright will be 75 years from publication or 100 years from creation, whichever is shorter. Works Originally Created Before January 1, 1978, But Not Published or Registered by That Date Works that were created but not published or registered for copyright before January 1, 1978, have been automatically brought under the statute and are now given Federal copyright protection. The duration of copyright in these works will generally be computed in the same way as for works created on or after January 1, 1978: the life-plus-50 or 75/100-year terms will apply to them as well. The law provides that in no case will the term of copyright for works in this category expire before December 31, 2002, and for works published on or before December 31, 2002, the term of copyright will not expire before December 31, 2027. Works Originally Created and Published or Registered Before January 1, 1978 Under the law in effect before 1978, copyright was secured either on the date a work was published or on the date of registration if the work was registered in unpublished form. In either case, the copyright endured for a first term of 28 years from the date it was secured. During the last (28th) year of the first term, the copyright was eligible for renewal. The current copyright law has extended the renewal term from 28 to 47 years for copyrights that were subsisting on January 1, 1978, making these works eligible for a total term of protection of 75 years. Public Law 102-307, enacted on June 26, 1992, amended the Copyright Act of 1976 to extend automatically the term of copyrights secured from January 1, 1964, through December 31, 1977 to the further term of 47 years and increased the filing fee from $12 to $20. This fee increase applies to all renewal applications filed on or after June 29, 1992. P.L. 102-307 makes renewal registration optional. There is no need to make the renewal filing in order to extend the original 28-year copyright term to the full 75 years. However, some benefits accrue to making a renewal registration during the 28th year of the original term. For more detailed information on the copyright term, write to the Copyright Office and request Circulars 15, 15a, and 15t. For information on how to search the Copyright Office records concerning the copyright status of a work, request Circular 22. > Transfer of Copyright Any or all of the exclusive rights, or any subdivision of those rights, of the copyright owner may be transferred, but the transfer of exclusive rights is not valid unless that transfer is in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed (or such owner's duly authorized agent). Transfer of a right on a nonexclusive basis does not require a written agreement. A copyright may also be conveyed by operation of law and may be bequeathed by will or pass as personal property by the applicable laws of interstate succession. Copyright is a personal property right, and it is subject to the various state laws and regulations that govern the ownership, inheritance, or transfer of personal property as well as terms of contracts or conduct of business. For information about relevant state laws, consult an attorney. Transfers of copyright are normally made by contract. The Copyright Office does not have or supply any forms for such transfers. However, the law does provide for the recordation in the Copyright Office of transfers of copyright ownership. Although recordation is not required to make a valid transfer between the parties, it does provide certain legal advantages and may be required to validate the transfer as against third parties. For information on recordation of transfers and other documents related to copyright, request Circular 12. Termination of Transfers Under the previous law, the copyright in a work reverted to the author, if living, or if the author was not living, to other specified beneficiaries, provided a renewal claim was registered in the 28th year of the original term. [The copyright in works eligible for renewal on or after June 26, 1992, will vest in the name of the renewal claimant on the effective date of any renewal registration made during the 28th year of the original term. Otherwise, the renewal copyright will vest in the party entitled to claim renewal as of December 31st of the 28th year.] The present law drops the renewal feature except for works already in the first term of statutory protection when the present law took effect. Instead, the present law permits termination of a grant of rights after 35 years under certain conditions by serving written notice on the transferee within specified time limits. For works already under statutory copyright protection before 1978, the present law provides a similar right of termination covering the newly added years that extended the former maximum term of the copyright from 56 to 75 years. For further information, request Circulars 15a and 15t. > International Copyright Protection There is no such thing as an international copyright that will automatically protect an author's writings throughout the entire world. Protection against unauthorized use in a particular country depends, basically, on the national laws of that country. However, most countries do offer protection to foreign works under certain conditions, and these conditions have been greatly simplified by international copyright treaties and conventions. For a list of countries which maintain copyright relations with the United States, request Circular 38a. The United States belongs to both global, multilateral copyright treaties--the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. The United States was a founding member of the UCC, which came into force on September 16, 1955. Generally, a work by a national or domiciliary of a country that is a member of the UCC or a work first published in a UCC country may claim protection under the UCC. If the work bears the notice of copyright in the form and position specified by the UCC, this notice will satisfy and substitute for any other formalities a UCC member country would otherwise impose as a condition of copyright. A UCC notice should consist of the symbol accompanied by the name of the copyright proprietor and the year of first publication of the work. By joining the Berne Convention on March 1, 1989, the United States gained protection for its authors in all member nations of the Berne Union with which the United States formerly had either no copyright relations or had bilateral treaty arrangements. Members of the Berne Union agree to a certain minimum level of copyright protection and agree to treat nationals of other member countries like their own nationals for purposes of copyright. A work first published in the United States or another Berne Union country (or first published in a non-Berne country, followed by publication within 30 days in a Berne Union country) is eligible for protection in all Berne member countries. There are no special requirements. For information on the legislation implementing the Berne Convention, request Circular 93 from the Copyright Office. An author who wishes protection for his or her work in a particular country should first find out the extent of protection of foreign works in that country. If possible, this should be done before the work is published anywhere, since protection may often depend on the facts existing at the time of first publication. If the country in which protection is sought is a party to one of the international copyright conventions, the work may generally be protected by complying with the conditions of the convention. Even if the work cannot be brought under an international convention, protection under the specific provisions of the country's national laws may still be possible. Some countries, however, offer little or no copyright protection for foreign works. Editors Note: Look for the rest of this law to be published in next month's issue under the title, Copyright Law: Part II. + + + + + °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° ² ² ² Board of Trade BBS New Port Richey, Florida ² ² ² ² (813) 862-4772 12/24/48/96/144/28800 baud ² ² ² ² The Hobby BBS for the Entire Family! ² ² ² ² Pasco County's Information Source ² ² Home of the Pasco BBS Magazine, DA BUCS and BBS Basics ² ² ² ² Call here FIRST for the BEST in Shareware ² ² Official Distribution Site: ² ² Alive Software, Apogee Software, Epic MegaGames, Gamer's Edge, ² ² Id Software, Impulse Software, MVP Software, Safari Software, ² ² Software Creations, Soleau Software and Union Logic Software ² ² ² ² Supporting the Local Computer Community ² ² Local Author Support File Directory ² ² Official Support BBS for Pasco ComPats Computer Club ² ² ² °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° + + + + + Next Month ---------- The December issue of the Pasco BBS Magazine will feature our annual update of The BBS Glossary and the conclusion of our article on the Copyright Law. Ed Garwood's Computer Basics will return, along with the latest news and all our regular features. The December issue of the Pasco BBS Magazine will be available on, or before, November 22. Make sure you do not miss a single issue of Tampa Bay's oldest free on-line magazine! + + + + + Important Information --------------------- The Pasco BBS Magazine is distributed free of charge, as long as it is unaltered and complete. When uploading make sure the original archive is intact with all files included. The Pasco BBS Magazine is the sole property of the Board of Trade BBS and Richard Ziegler. It is legally copyrighted material and all rights are reserved. No part of this magazine may be used without permission. No compensation of any kind may be received for the viewing, distribution, or for any other use of the magazine files. By submitting something, you are agreeing to allow publication of the material in the magazine. Articles reprinted with permission remain the property of the cited source. Guest contributions may not necessarily reflect the views of the Pasco BBS Magazine. The editor reserves the right to edit submissions, however, this is normally only done to correct spelling or grammatical errors. The editor makes all determinations on what and when articles will run. Every effort is made to insure that all information contained within the Pasco BBS Magazine is accurate, but inadvertently mistakes can appear. The Pasco BBS Magazine, Board of Trade BBS or Richard Ziegler cannot be held liable for information contained within this document. It is intended that this magazine exists for the personal enjoyment of the readers. Rather than place a trademark symbol at every occurrence of a trademarked name, it is stated that trademarks are only being used in an editorial fashion with no intention of any infringement of the trademark itself. More information can be found in the other files distributed with the magazine's archive. Comments, questions, suggestions and submissions can be left on the Board of Trade BBS (813) 862-4772, or mailed to Board of Trade BBS, P.O. Box 1853, New Port Richey, FL 34656. + + + + + (C)Copyright 1996 Richard Ziegler - All Rights Reserved + + + + +