THE CLARKE BELT OBJECTIVE: The student will understand the history, theory, and Satellites in the Clarke belt. As previously explained in TLA 7 the Clark Belt is located 22,300 miles above the earth. At this altitude, the satellite's motion is synchronized with the earth's rotation. That is, the satellite completes one orbit during the time that the earth makes one rotation on it's axis. Three of these satellites, properly placed, can link stations in any two parts of the world. All satellites now in use, except for some Russian satellites are in synchronous orbits. Satellites are placed in orbit on the Clarke Belt and assigned a specific location on the Clarke Belt. This is necessary as more and more satellites are launched and Clarke Belt may become crowded with birds in certain sections. This specific location is the longitude on the point over the earth's equator. For example, the satellite named AURORA has a position on the Clarke Belt of 143 degrees West. The following will provide a list of domestic satellites in orbit as of May 14, 1985 and their orbit location on the Clarke Belt: UNITED STATES DOMESTIC SATELLITE SYSTEM Satellite Orbit Locations Frequency Band Date # of Xpdrs/ West Longitude (GHz) Launched _______________________________________________________________________ SATCOM V 143 4/6 10/82 24/36 SATCOM I-R 139 4/6 4/83 24/36 GALAXY I 134 4/6 6/83 24/36 SATCOM III-R 131 4/6 11/81 24/36 COMSTAR IV 127 4/6 4/81 24/36 SPACENET I 120 4/6 & 12/14 5/84 12/36;6/72 WESTAR V 122.5 4/6 6/82 24/36 GSTAR I 103 12/24 5/85 16/54 SBS IV 101 (temporary) 12/14 9/84 10/43 SBS I 99 12/14 11/80 10/43 WESTAR IV 99 4/6 2/82 24/36 SBS II 97 12/14 10/81 10/43 TELSTAR 301 96 4/6 4/83 24/36 SBS III 95 12/14 11/82 10/43 GALAXY III 93.5 4/6 9/84 24/36 WESTAR III 91 4/6 8/79 12/36 TELSTAR 302 86 4/6 9/84 24/36 SATCOM IV 84 4/6 1/82 24/36 WESTAR II 79 4/6 6/74 12/36 COMSTAR III & D-2 76 4/6 9/78;9/76 24/36;24/36 GALAXY II 74 4/6 9/83 24/36 SATCOM II-R 72 4/6 9/83 24/36 SPACENET II 69 4/6;12/14 11/84 12/36;6/72 WESTAR I retired (8/83) 4/6 4/74 12/36 SARCOM I retired (5/84) 4/6 12/75 24/36 COMSTAR D-1 retired (9/84) 4/6 4/76 24/36 SATCOM II retired (2/85) 4/6 3/76 24/36 In Orbit as of May 14, 1985 All domestic satellites have a name assigned to them that usually is an Abbreviation for who owns the bird. Example: Westar is owned by Western Union Telegraph Company. The following list are the names and addresses of the owners of domestic birds: Domestic Satellite Systems: ABCI GSTAR Advanced Business Communications, Inc GTE Satellite Corporation 8729 Belmart Road 1 Stamford Forum Potomac, Maryland 20854 Stamford, CT (203) 965-3303 Attention: Arthur McNulty AMSAT RSI American Satellite Company Rainbow Satellite Inc. VP-Marketing Gammon and Grange 1801 Research Boulevard 2621 Constancia Rockville, Maryland 20850 Mission Viejo, CA 92692 (301) 251-8390 Attention: Carl Fielstra,Esq. COMSTAR SATCOM AT&T Co. RCA Frequency Bureau Long Lines Department 50 Broad Street Room 40170 Room 1125 Bedminister, New Jersey 07921 New York, NY 10004 (201) 234-4706 (212) 806-7634 Attention: Bruce C. Andrews Attention: John D. Bowker FASSC SBS Ford Aerospace Satellite Satellite Business Systems Service Corp. 8263 Greensboro Drive 300 Renaissance Center McLean, VA 22102 Detroit, Michigan 48243 (703) 442-5514 Attention: Alan Parker Attention: Alice Gravely GALAXY SPACENET Hughes Communication, Inc. GTE Satellite Corporation P.O. Box 92424 1 Stamford Forum Los Angeles, CA 90009 Stamford, CT. (213) 615-1000 (203) 965-3303 Attention: Albert Caprioglio Attention: Arthur McNulty WESTAR USAT Western Union Telegraph Co. United States Satellite 1828 L. Street, N.W. System, Inc. Washington, D.C. 20036 122 East 42nd Street (202) 862-4614 Suite 5300 Attention: Richard Cain New York, NY 10168 (212) 661-4230 INTELSAT SPACECOM Comsat General Corporation 1300 Quince Orchard Blvd. 950 L'Enfant Plaza, S.W. Gaitherburg, MD 20878 Washington, D.C. 20024 (301) 258-6800 Attention: William Brobst The use of domestic birds are usually for entertainment purposes; music, sports, news, weather, etc. Special interest programs have and will continue to grow in our society. A partial list of program suppliers are state below: Appalachian Community Services Network Turner Broadcasting 1666 Connecticut Avenue, NW Cable News Network Washington, D.C. 20235 1050 Techwood Drive David Buchingham (202-673-7866) Atlanta, GA 30309 Don Anderson (404-898-8500) Associated Press U.S.A. Network 50 Rockefeller Plaza 208 Harristown, Rd. New York, NY 10020 (212-262-4014) Glen Rock, NJ 07452 (201-445-8550) Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. U.F.I. Newstime Virginia Beach, VA 23463 220 East 42nd Street Service Manager (804-424-7777) New York, NY 10017 Eastern Microwave, Inc Warner Amax 3 Northern Concourse, PO Box 4872 1211 Avenue of the Americas Syracuse, NY 13221 (315-455-5955) New York, NY 10036 Gary Koester (212-944-4250) Entertainment & Sports Programming Weatherscan Network Loop 132, Throckmorton Hwy. 319 Cooke Street Olney, TX 76374 (817-564-5688) Plainville, CT 06062 (203-747-6847) GalaVision Home Box Office 250 Park Avenue 7639 Churchill Way, Suite 133 New York, NY 10017 Box 63 Fred Landman (212-953-7550) Dallas, TX 75251 (214-387-8557) Home Theater Network Modern Satellite Network 465 Congress Street 43 Rockefeller Center Portland, ME 04101 (207-774-0300) New York, NY 10020 Michael David (212-765-3100) Nickelodeon SIN 1211 Avenue of the Americas National Spanish Television New York, NY 10036 Network Gary Koester (212-944-4250) New York, NY 10017 Susan Catapanp (212-953-7500) Showtime 1211 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 (212-880-6611) Activities: (1) Have students write to a domestic satellite system company and request information on a particular bird. (2) Have students write to a program supplier and request information on their area of specialty, types of programming; what kind of satellite that transmits their programs, etc. TLA Competencies: 1. The student will describe geosynchronous orbit. 2. The student will identify at least 1 entertainment and 1 military bird.